Vasanti S Malik1, An Pan, Walter C Willett, Frank B Hu. 1. Departments of Nutrition and Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: The relation between sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) and body weight remains controversial. OBJECTIVE: We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to summarize the evidence in children and adults. DESIGN: We searched PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane databases through March 2013 for prospective cohort studies and randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that evaluated the SSB-weight relation. Separate meta-analyses were conducted in children and adults and for cohorts and RCTs by using random- and fixed-effects models. RESULTS: Thirty-two original articles were included in our meta-analyses: 20 in children (15 cohort studies, n = 25,745; 5 trials, n = 2772) and 12 in adults (7 cohort studies, n = 174,252; 5 trials, n = 292). In cohort studies, one daily serving increment of SSBs was associated with a 0.06 (95% CI: 0.02, 0.10) and 0.05 (95% CI: 0.03, 0.07)-unit increase in BMI in children and 0.22 kg (95% CI: 0.09, 0.34 kg) and 0.12 kg (95% CI: 0.10, 0.14 kg) weight gain in adults over 1 y in random- and fixed-effects models, respectively. RCTs in children showed reductions in BMI gain when SSBs were reduced [random and fixed effects: -0.17 (95% CI: -0.39, 0.05) and -0.12 (95% CI: -0.22, -0.2)], whereas RCTs in adults showed increases in body weight when SSBs were added (random and fixed effects: 0.85 kg; 95% CI: 0.50, 1.20 kg). Sensitivity analyses of RCTs in children showed more pronounced benefits in preventing weight gain in SSB substitution trials (compared with school-based educational programs) and among overweight children (compared with normal-weight children). CONCLUSION: Our systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies and RCTs provides evidence that SSB consumption promotes weight gain in children and adults.
BACKGROUND: The relation between sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) and body weight remains controversial. OBJECTIVE: We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to summarize the evidence in children and adults. DESIGN: We searched PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane databases through March 2013 for prospective cohort studies and randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that evaluated the SSB-weight relation. Separate meta-analyses were conducted in children and adults and for cohorts and RCTs by using random- and fixed-effects models. RESULTS: Thirty-two original articles were included in our meta-analyses: 20 in children (15 cohort studies, n = 25,745; 5 trials, n = 2772) and 12 in adults (7 cohort studies, n = 174,252; 5 trials, n = 292). In cohort studies, one daily serving increment of SSBs was associated with a 0.06 (95% CI: 0.02, 0.10) and 0.05 (95% CI: 0.03, 0.07)-unit increase in BMI in children and 0.22 kg (95% CI: 0.09, 0.34 kg) and 0.12 kg (95% CI: 0.10, 0.14 kg) weight gain in adults over 1 y in random- and fixed-effects models, respectively. RCTs in children showed reductions in BMI gain when SSBs were reduced [random and fixed effects: -0.17 (95% CI: -0.39, 0.05) and -0.12 (95% CI: -0.22, -0.2)], whereas RCTs in adults showed increases in body weight when SSBs were added (random and fixed effects: 0.85 kg; 95% CI: 0.50, 1.20 kg). Sensitivity analyses of RCTs in children showed more pronounced benefits in preventing weight gain in SSB substitution trials (compared with school-based educational programs) and among overweight children (compared with normal-weight children). CONCLUSION: Our systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies and RCTs provides evidence that SSB consumption promotes weight gain in children and adults.
Authors: Isabelle Aeberli; Philipp A Gerber; Michel Hochuli; Sibylle Kohler; Sarah R Haile; Ioanna Gouni-Berthold; Heiner K Berthold; Giatgen A Spinas; Kaspar Berneis Journal: Am J Clin Nutr Date: 2011-06-15 Impact factor: 7.045
Authors: Tanja V E Kral; Albert J Stunkard; Robert I Berkowitz; Virginia A Stallings; Reneé H Moore; Myles S Faith Journal: Obesity (Silver Spring) Date: 2008-05-29 Impact factor: 5.002
Authors: Shaun K Riebl; Carly MacDougal; Catelyn Hill; Paul A Estabrooks; Julie C Dunsmore; Jyoti Savla; Madlyn I Frisard; Andrea M Dietrich; Brenda M Davy Journal: J Acad Nutr Diet Date: 2015-12-11 Impact factor: 4.910
Authors: Carolyn J Brooks; Steven L Gortmaker; Michael W Long; Angie L Cradock; Erica L Kenney Journal: Am J Public Health Date: 2017-07-20 Impact factor: 9.308
Authors: Rachel Bleiweiss-Sande; Jeanne Goldberg; E Whitney Evans; Ken Chui; Caitlin Bailey; Jennifer Sacheck Journal: Public Health Nutr Date: 2020-02-18 Impact factor: 4.022
Authors: Bradley M Appelhans; Simone A French; Tamara Olinger; Michael Bogucki; Imke Janssen; Elizabeth F Avery-Mamer; Lisa M Powell Journal: Appetite Date: 2018-03-15 Impact factor: 3.868
Authors: Jennifer A Woo Baidal; Kayla Morel; Kelsey Nichols; Erin Elbel; Nalini Charles; Jeff Goldsmith; Ling Chen; Elsie Taveras Journal: Am J Public Health Date: 2018-10-25 Impact factor: 9.308