pH dynamics in sewers and its modeling.

pH variation in sewers has a significant effect on hydrogen sulfide production and emissions, and hence its accurate prediction is critical for the optimization of mitigation strategies. In this study, the nature and dynamics of pH variation in a sewer system is examined. Three sewer systems collecting domestic wastewater were monitored, with pH in all cases showing large diurnal variations. pH in fresh sewage in all three cases had a very similar trend with maximum pH in the range of 8.5-8.7. pH variation in fresh sewage followed the same pattern as the sewage flow rate, suggesting that sewage pH is influenced by household water use. Nitrogen content of the wastewater was found to be the most influential factor causing pH variation in fresh sewage, with the total ammonium concentration variation well correlated with the pH variation. A methodology for predicting pH variation in sewers is developed and calibration protocols proposed. The methodology, which is based on the concept of charge balance, was validated using titration curves and field pH data. Measurement of the total ammonium concentration in fresh sewage was found necessary and adequate for the calibration of the charge balance-based pH model.