| Literature DB >> 23962476 |
Abstract
The detection of intracellular DNA has emerged to be a key event in the innate immune response to viruses and intracellular bacteria, and during conditions of sterile inflammation and autoimmunity. One of the consequences of the detection of DNA as a 'stranger' and a 'danger' signal is the production of type I interferons and pro-inflammatory cytokines. Much work has been dedicated to the elucidation of the signalling cascades that activate this DNA-induced gene expression programme. However, while many proteins have been proposed to act as sensors for intracellular DNA in recent years, none has been met with universal acceptance, and a theory linking all the recent observations is, as yet, lacking. This review presents the evidence for the various interferon-inducing DNA receptors proposed to date, and examines the hypotheses that might explain why so many different receptors appear to be involved in the innate immune recognition of intracellular DNA.Entities:
Keywords: AIM2; ASC; ATLD; ATM; Ataxia telangiectasia mutated; BMDC; BMDM; CARD; CT; DAI; DNA receptor; DNA virus; DNA-PKcs; DNA-dependent activator of IRFs; DNA-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit; EBER; EBV; Epstein–Barr virus; Epstein–Barr virus encoded small RNA; HFF; HMGB; HSV; HT; IFI16; IFN; IFNγ-inducibe protein 16; IL; IRF3; ISD; Innate immunity; Interferon; MAPK; MAVS; MDA5; MDDC; MDM; MEF; MVA; Meiotic recombination 11; Modified Vaccinia Ankara; Mre11; NF-kB; PAMP; PBMC; PM; PRR; RIG-I; RIG-like receptor; RLR; RNA interference; RNAi; SLE; STING; SeV; Sendai virus; TANK-binding kinase; TBK1; TLR; TREX1; Toll-like receptor; VACV; VSV; Z-DNA binding protein; ZBP1; absent in melanoma 2; apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD; ataxia-telangiectasia-like disorder cells; bone marrow-derived dendritic cells; bone marrow-derived macrophages; cGAMP; cGAS; calf thymus; caspase activation and recruitment domain; cyclic GMP-AMP; cyclic GMP-AMP synthase; double-stranded; ds; herpes simplex virus; herring testis; high mobility group box; human foreskin fibroblasts; immunostimulatory DNA; interferon; interferon regulatory factor; interleukin; melanoma differentiation factor 5; mitochondrial antiviral signalling; mitogen-activated protein kinase; monocyte-derived dendritic cells; monocyte-derived macrophages; mouse embryonic fibroblasts; nuclear factor kB; pathogen-associated molecular pattern; pattern recognition receptor; peripheral blood monocytic cells; peritoneal macrophages; retinoic acid-inducible gene; single-stranded; small nuclear RNA; snRNA; ss; stimulator of IFN genes; systemic lupus erythematosus; tRNA; three prime repair exonuclease 1; transfer RNA; vaccinia virus; vesicular stomatitis virus
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Year: 2013 PMID： 23962476 DOI： 10.1016/j.imbio.2013.07.007
Source DB: PubMed Journal: Immunobiology ISSN： 0171-2985 Impact factor: 3.144