Feedback and practice as variables in error detection and correction.

Adams' (1971) closed-loop theory has response-produced feedback and practice as determinants of the internal reference that is the learned basis of error detection and correction. Two experiments were conducted on error detection and correction in test of this assumption, using a linear displacement task. Amounts of feedback and practice were variables, and both were found to be effective in error detection and correction. The discussion was mainly in terms of the informativeness of feedback channels and what it means for motor behavior.