Robin C Dolman1, Edelweiss Wentzel-Viljoen1, Johann C Jerling1, Edith Jm Feskens2, Annamarie Kruger3, Marlien Pieters1. 1. 1Centre of Excellence for Nutrition (CEN),North West University,Potchefstroom, 2520South Africa. 2. 2Division of Human Nutrition,Wageningen University,Wageningen,The Netherlands. 3. 3Africa Unit for Trans disciplinary Health Research (AUTHeR),North West University,Potchefstroom,South Africa.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: Urbanization is generally associated with increased CVD risk and accompanying dietary changes. Little is known regarding the association between increased CVD risk and dietary changes using approaches such as diet quality. The relevance of predefined diet quality scores (DQS) in non-Western developing countries has not yet been established. DESIGN: The association between dietary intakes and CVD risk factors was investigated using two DQS, adapted to the black South African diet. Dietary intake data were collected using a quantitative FFQ. CVD risk was determined by analysing known CVD risk factors. SETTING: Urban and rural areas in North West Province, South Africa. SUBJECTS: Apparently healthy volunteers from the South African Prospective Urban and Rural Epidemiological (PURE) study population (n 1710). RESULTS: CVD risk factors were significantly increased in the urban participants, especially women. Urban men and women had significantly higher intakes of both macro- and micronutrients with macronutrient intakes well within the recommended CVD guidelines. While micronutrient intakes were generally higher in the urban groups than in the rural groups, intakes of selected micronutrients were low in both groups. Both DQS indicated improved diet quality in the urban groups and good agreement was shown between the scores, although they seemed to measure different aspects of diet quality. CONCLUSIONS: The apparent paradox between improved diet quality and increased CVD risk in the urban groups can be explained when interpreting the cut-offs used in the scores against the absolute intakes of individual nutrients. Predefined DQS as well as current guidelines for CVD prevention should be interpreted with caution in non-Western developing countries.
OBJECTIVE: Urbanization is generally associated with increased CVD risk and accompanying dietary changes. Little is known regarding the association between increased CVD risk and dietary changes using approaches such as diet quality. The relevance of predefined diet quality scores (DQS) in non-Western developing countries has not yet been established. DESIGN: The association between dietary intakes and CVD risk factors was investigated using two DQS, adapted to the black South African diet. Dietary intake data were collected using a quantitative FFQ. CVD risk was determined by analysing known CVD risk factors. SETTING: Urban and rural areas in North West Province, South Africa. SUBJECTS: Apparently healthy volunteers from the South African Prospective Urban and Rural Epidemiological (PURE) study population (n 1710). RESULTS: CVD risk factors were significantly increased in the urban participants, especially women. Urban men and women had significantly higher intakes of both macro- and micronutrients with macronutrient intakes well within the recommended CVD guidelines. While micronutrient intakes were generally higher in the urban groups than in the rural groups, intakes of selected micronutrients were low in both groups. Both DQS indicated improved diet quality in the urban groups and good agreement was shown between the scores, although they seemed to measure different aspects of diet quality. CONCLUSIONS: The apparent paradox between improved diet quality and increased CVD risk in the urban groups can be explained when interpreting the cut-offs used in the scores against the absolute intakes of individual nutrients. Predefined DQS as well as current guidelines for CVD prevention should be interpreted with caution in non-Western developing countries.
Authors: Cornelie Nienaber-Rousseau; Bianca Swanepoel; Robin C Dolman; Marlien Pieters; Karin R Conradie; G Wayne Towers Journal: Nutrients Date: 2014-11-11 Impact factor: 5.717
Authors: Benjamin van Nieuwenhuizen; Mohammad Hadi Zafarmand; Erik Beune; Karlijn Meeks; Ama de-Graft Aikins; Juliet Addo; Ellis Owusu-Dabo; Frank P Mockenhaupt; Silver Bahendeka; Matthias B Schulze; Ina Danquah; Joachim Spranger; Kerstin Klipstein-Grobusch; Lambert Tetteh Appiah; Liam Smeeth; Karien Stronks; Charles Agyemang Journal: Intern Emerg Med Date: 2018-04-17 Impact factor: 3.397