BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related death in men and women. It is also the most common cause of brain metastases. A brain metastasis model is difficult to be established because of the presence of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and the lack of optimal methods for detecting brain metastasis in nude mice. Thus, the establishment of a Chinese lung adenocarcinoma cell line and its animal model with brain metastasis potency and in vivo research is of great significance. METHODS: CPA-Yang1 cells were obtained from a patient with human lung adenocarcinoma by lentiviral vector-mediated transfection of green fluorescence protein. Intracardiac inoculation of the cells was performed in nude mice, and brain metastatic lesions were detected using micro ¹⁸F FDG-PET/CT scanners, small animal in vivo imaging system for fluorescence, radionuclide and X ray fused imaging, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with sense body detection, and resection. The samples were divided into two parts for cell culture and histological diagnosis. The process was repeated in vivo and in vitro for four cycles to obtain a novel cell clone, CPA-Yang1-BR. RESULTS: A novel cell clone, CPA-Yang1-BR, was obtained with a brain metastatic rate of 50%. The use of MRI for the detection of brain metastases has obvious advantages. CONCLUSIONS: An experimental Chinese lung adenocarcinoma cell clone (CPA-Yang1-BR) and its animal model with brain metastasis potency in nude mice were established. MRI with sense body or micro MRI may be used as a sensitive, accurate, and noninvasive method to detect experimental brain metastases in intact live immunodeficient mice. The results of this study may serve as a technical platform for brain metastases from lung adenocarcinoma.
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related death in men and women. It is also the most common cause of brain metastases. A brain metastasis model is difficult to be established because of the presence of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and the lack of optimal methods for detecting brain metastasis in nude mice. Thus, the establishment of a Chinese lung adenocarcinoma cell line and its animal model with brain metastasis potency and in vivo research is of great significance. METHODS:CPA-Yang1 cells were obtained from a patient with humanlung adenocarcinoma by lentiviral vector-mediated transfection of green fluorescence protein. Intracardiac inoculation of the cells was performed in nude mice, and brain metastatic lesions were detected using micro ¹⁸F FDG-PET/CT scanners, small animal in vivo imaging system for fluorescence, radionuclide and X ray fused imaging, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with sense body detection, and resection. The samples were divided into two parts for cell culture and histological diagnosis. The process was repeated in vivo and in vitro for four cycles to obtain a novel cell clone, CPA-Yang1-BR. RESULTS: A novel cell clone, CPA-Yang1-BR, was obtained with a brain metastatic rate of 50%. The use of MRI for the detection of brain metastases has obvious advantages. CONCLUSIONS: An experimental Chinese lung adenocarcinoma cell clone (CPA-Yang1-BR) and its animal model with brain metastasis potency in nude mice were established. MRI with sense body or micro MRI may be used as a sensitive, accurate, and noninvasive method to detect experimental brain metastases in intact live immunodeficientmice. The results of this study may serve as a technical platform for brain metastases from lung adenocarcinoma.
CPA-Yang1 with lentiviral vector-mediated transfection of green fluorescence protein (GFP). A: light-field; B: green fuorescence (×100).
慢病毒介导转染GFP后的CPA-Yang1细胞。A:倒置显微镜光镜下的细胞;B:荧光倒置显微镜下的A图细胞(×100)。CPA-Yang1 with lentiviral vector-mediated transfection of green fluorescence protein (GFP). A: light-field; B: green fuorescence (×100).
The brain metastasis mice with CPA-Yang1 GFP cells by intracardiac inoculation after 5-7 weeks. A: Since fifth week, the mouse appeared lethargy, activity decreased, eating also fell, the white arrow indicated to the bulging forehead suspected brain metastasis; B: Autopsy of (A) mouse brain tissue, the green arrow indicated bigger lesion of olfactory bulb brain metastases; C: The mouse eyes blind gradually after the inoculation six weeks, eat all by tentacles and smell; D: Dissect out brain tissue in the mouse at seventh week; the yellow arrow indicated the small GFP lesion.
荷CPA-Yang1 GFP细胞左心室造模5周-7周后脑转移裸鼠。A:小鼠自造模第5周始嗜睡,活动日渐减少,进食也下降,白色箭头指向该小鼠额头明显鼓出;B:是A鼠解剖取出的脑组织,绿色箭头所指部分疑嗅脑转移灶;C:小鼠自造模第6周始,眼睛失明,进食全靠触须和嗅觉;D:第7周解剖模型鼠取脑组织,发现绿色(GFP)转移灶(黄色箭头)。The brain metastasis mice with CPA-Yang1 GFP cells by intracardiac inoculation after 5-7 weeks. A: Since fifth week, the mouse appeared lethargy, activity decreased, eating also fell, the white arrow indicated to the bulging forehead suspected brain metastasis; B: Autopsy of (A) mouse brain tissue, the green arrow indicated bigger lesion of olfactory bulb brain metastases; C: The mouse eyes blind gradually after the inoculation six weeks, eat all by tentacles and smell; D: Dissect out brain tissue in the mouse at seventh week; the yellow arrow indicated the small GFP lesion.
18F-FDG micro PET/CT imagings detected the model mouse after inoculation 50 days (sagittal). CT, FDG and fusion image from left to right respectively. The mouse was found bone metastasis in mandibular (orange arrow) and lumbar (red arrow), but not sure bone/brain metastases as back of the head accumulated FDG (white arrow).
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三合一小动物活体成像系统疑该小鼠在胸椎转移的同时伴有脑转移可能。
Small animal in vivo imaging system for fluorescence, radionuclide and X ray fused imaging suspected metastasis in thoracic vertebra associated with brain of the mouse.
MRI imaging of the mouse bearing CPA-Yang1 with small animals coil (sense body) resulted clear display cerebellar hemisphere lesion (white arrow).
荷CPA-Yang1裸鼠50天行18F-FDG micro PET/CT显像(矢状位),从左-右分别为CT、FDG和融合图像。该裸鼠被检出在下颌骨(桔黄色箭头)、腰椎(红色箭头)骨转移,同时伴有后脑部浓聚FDG(白色箭头),但是骨/脑转移无法辨别。18F-FDG micro PET/CT imagings detected the model mouse after inoculation 50 days (sagittal). CT, FDG and fusion image from left to right respectively. The mouse was found bone metastasis in mandibular (orange arrow) and lumbar (red arrow), but not sure bone/brain metastases as back of the head accumulated FDG (white arrow).三合一小动物活体成像系统疑该小鼠在胸椎转移的同时伴有脑转移可能。Small animal in vivo imaging system for fluorescence, radionuclide and X ray fused imaging suspected metastasis in thoracic vertebra associated with brain of the mouse.对CPA-Yang1细胞造模40天的裸鼠行带小动物线圈的MRI显像,结果清晰显示小鼠小脑半球转移(白色箭头示)。MRI imaging of the mouse bearing CPA-Yang1 with small animals coil (sense body) resulted clear display cerebellar hemisphere lesion (white arrow).
Morphology of the CPA-Yang1 cells under the contrast phase inverted microscope. A: Human lung adenocarcinoma cell line (×100), (a) third passage cells more suspension, (b) 34th passage cells suspension and more nucleus; B: First brain metastasis clone presented appearance of growth (×200); C: The brain metastasis clone of 2nd cycle, suspension, polygon cells in the majority; D: The clone of 3rd cycle, suspension cells in the majority (×200); E: Suspended cells of 4th cycle in the majority too (×200).
CPA-Yang1细胞的相差倒置显微镜拍摄图片。A:人肺腺癌细胞株(×100),(a)早期细胞形态(p3),多悬浮;(b)传代至(p34),多核;B:模型鼠首代脑转移细胞爬出的状况(×200)悬浮,成团细胞较多;C:第2轮次脑转移细胞,梭形细胞减少,圆形(悬浮)、多边形细胞占多数(×100);D:第3轮次细胞圆形占多数(悬浮),更活跃(×100);E:第4轮次悬浮细胞还是占据多数,同时梭形、多边形也有一定比例(×200)。随着轮次的变化,细胞呈小型圆形和悬浮状变化。Morphology of the CPA-Yang1 cells under the contrast phase inverted microscope. A: Humanlung adenocarcinoma cell line (×100), (a) third passage cells more suspension, (b) 34th passage cells suspension and more nucleus; B: First brain metastasis clone presented appearance of growth (×200); C: The brain metastasis clone of 2nd cycle, suspension, polygon cells in the majority; D: The clone of 3rd cycle, suspension cells in the majority (×200); E: Suspended cells of 4th cycle in the majority too (×200).
Histological features (HE, ×100). A: The brain of disease-free nude mouse; B, C, D is the lesions of brain metastases in 1st, 2nd, 3rd cycle respectively and diffusive blood supply increases with the cycles; E: The brain metastasis to eye, the lower left corner that pink color is an eye crystal; F: The brain metastasis lesion of 4th cycle, the cells presented circular distribution.
小鼠病理(HE, ×100)。A:正常脑组织;B、C、D:分别是第1、2、3轮次脑转移灶,病灶血供随轮次增加而增加;E:是第4轮次脑-眼转移灶,左下角粉红色为眼晶体;F:第4轮次脑转移灶,细胞呈圆形分布。Histological features (HE, ×100). A: The brain of disease-free nude mouse; B, C, D is the lesions of brain metastases in 1st, 2nd, 3rd cycle respectively and diffusive blood supply increases with the cycles; E: The brain metastasis to eye, the lower left corner that pink color is an eye crystal; F: The brain metastasis lesion of 4th cycle, the cells presented circular distribution.
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