BACKGROUND: To systematically review the literature on brain injury biomarkers, defined as any injury biomarker detected in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) or blood injury biomarkers primarily expressed in the brain parenchyma, to determine outcome prediction in pediatric severe traumatic brain injury (sTBI). METHODS: A search of MEDLINE(®), EMBASE(®), PsycINFO(®), Pubmed(®), and the Cochrane Database, as well as grey literature sources, personal contacts, hand searches, and reference lists. The search terms used were traumatic brain injury, biomarkers, prognosis, and children. No language, publication type, or publication date restrictions were imposed. All articles were critically reviewed by two clinicians independently. RESULTS: A total of 7,150 articles were identified initially with 16 studies identified for review. Eighteen different biomarkers were examined; 11 in CSF and 7 in blood. Outcomes assessed included either in-hospital mortality or functional state (hospital discharge, 3-months or 6-months; Glasgow Outcome Scale or Pediatric Cerebral Performance Category). Significant correlations were established between sTBI outcomes and various biomarkers in CSF (IL-6, IL-8, IL-1β, S100β, NGF, NSE, DCX, ET-1, HMGB-1, cytochrome C) and blood (GFAP, NF-H, UCH-L1, SBDP-145, leptin). Mixed results were obtained for blood S100β. Outcome did not correlate with several biomarkers in either CSF (BDNF, GDNF, α-Syn) or blood (NSE, MBP). The Class of Evidence was considered II in 1 study and III in the remaining 15 studies. CONCLUSIONS: Based on the status of current sTBI biomarker research, we recommend that future research should be directed at both novel biomarker discovery and validation of biomarker panels in large, well-designed longitudinal studies.
BACKGROUND: To systematically review the literature on brain injury biomarkers, defined as any injury biomarker detected in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) or blood injury biomarkers primarily expressed in the brain parenchyma, to determine outcome prediction in pediatric severe traumatic brain injury (sTBI). METHODS: A search of MEDLINE(®), EMBASE(®), PsycINFO(®), Pubmed(®), and the Cochrane Database, as well as grey literature sources, personal contacts, hand searches, and reference lists. The search terms used were traumatic brain injury, biomarkers, prognosis, and children. No language, publication type, or publication date restrictions were imposed. All articles were critically reviewed by two clinicians independently. RESULTS: A total of 7,150 articles were identified initially with 16 studies identified for review. Eighteen different biomarkers were examined; 11 in CSF and 7 in blood. Outcomes assessed included either in-hospital mortality or functional state (hospital discharge, 3-months or 6-months; Glasgow Outcome Scale or Pediatric Cerebral Performance Category). Significant correlations were established between sTBI outcomes and various biomarkers in CSF (IL-6, IL-8, IL-1β, S100β, NGF, NSE, DCX, ET-1, HMGB-1, cytochrome C) and blood (GFAP, NF-H, UCH-L1, SBDP-145, leptin). Mixed results were obtained for blood S100β. Outcome did not correlate with several biomarkers in either CSF (BDNF, GDNF, α-Syn) or blood (NSE, MBP). The Class of Evidence was considered II in 1 study and III in the remaining 15 studies. CONCLUSIONS: Based on the status of current sTBI biomarker research, we recommend that future research should be directed at both novel biomarker discovery and validation of biomarker panels in large, well-designed longitudinal studies.
Authors: Douglas D Fraser; Taylor E Close; Keeley L Rose; Roxanne Ward; Martin Mehl; Catherine Farrell; Jacques Lacroix; David Creery; Murray Kesselman; Danica Stanimirovic; James S Hutchison Journal: Pediatr Crit Care Med Date: 2011-05 Impact factor: 3.624
Authors: Patrick M Kochanek; Nancy Carney; P David Adelson; Stephen Ashwal; Michael J Bell; Susan Bratton; Susan Carson; Randall M Chesnut; Jamshid Ghajar; Brahm Goldstein; Gerald A Grant; Niranjan Kissoon; Kimberly Peterson; Nathan R Selden; Robert C Tasker; Karen A Tong; Monica S Vavilala; Mark S Wainwright; Craig R Warden Journal: Pediatr Crit Care Med Date: 2012-01 Impact factor: 3.624
Authors: Rosanne Salonia; Philip E Empey; Samuel M Poloyac; Stephen R Wisniewski; Megan Klamerus; Haishin Ozawa; Amy K Wagner; Randall Ruppel; Michael J Bell; Keri Feldman; P David Adelson; Robert S B Clark; Patrick M Kochanek Journal: J Neurotrauma Date: 2010-09-17 Impact factor: 5.269
Authors: Linda Papa; Michelle M Ramia; Jared M Kelly; Stephen S Burks; Artur Pawlowicz; Rachel P Berger Journal: J Neurotrauma Date: 2013-02-15 Impact factor: 5.269
Authors: Sholeen T Nett; Janelle A Noble; Daniel L Levin; Natalie Z Cvijanovich; Monica S Vavilala; J Dean Jarvis; Heidi R Flori Journal: J Pediatr Intensive Care Date: 2014
Authors: Catherine Madurski; Jessica M Jarvis; Sue R Beers; Amy J Houtrow; Amy K Wagner; Anthony Fabio; Chunyan Wang; Craig M Smith; Lesley Doughty; Keri Janesko-Feldman; Pamela Rubin; Dorothy Pollon; Amery Treble-Barna; Patrick M Kochanek; Ericka L Fink Journal: Neurocrit Care Date: 2021-03-04 Impact factor: 3.532
Authors: Angela M Boutté; Vivian Hook; Bharani Thangavelu; George Anis Sarkis; Brittany N Abbatiello; Gregory Hook; J Steven Jacobsen; Claudia S Robertson; Janice Gilsdorf; Zhihui Yang; Kevin K W Wang; Deborah A Shear Journal: J Neurotrauma Date: 2020-04-02 Impact factor: 5.269