PURPOSE: To determine the physiological and psychological effects of adding a Himalayan singing bowl (HSB) to a directed relaxation (DR) session. DESIGN: Randomized crossover study. SETTING: Community-based counseling practice. SUBJECTS:Fifty-one participants completed two randomly assigned sessions beginning with either 12 minutes of HSB or silence, followed by a 20-minute DR session. INTERVENTION: Random order of HSB intervention/silence prior to DR. MEASURES: Blood pressure (BP), heart rate (HR), Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS) scores measured before and after both sessions. ANALYSIS: Analysis of variance (ANOVA) compared differences between variables over time between both study days, and analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) analyzed changes from baseline, controlling for baseline, age, and sex. RESULTS:Fifty-one participants completed both sessions. There was a greater decline in systolic BP (p = .044) and HR (p = .003) with HSB compared to silence prior to DR. Changes in diastolic BP were greater with HSB, with a nonsignificant trend (p = .073). Hypertensive subjects (n = 20) had similar and significant BP changes with HSB and silence when compared to normotensive subjects (n = 31). PANAS scores fell significantly with both interventions. CONCLUSIONS:BP and HR responses were enhanced by HSB exposure. HSB may be used as an adjunct to DR to produce physiological and psychological responses prior to DR.
RCT Entities:
PURPOSE: To determine the physiological and psychological effects of adding a Himalayan singing bowl (HSB) to a directed relaxation (DR) session. DESIGN: Randomized crossover study. SETTING: Community-based counseling practice. SUBJECTS: Fifty-one participants completed two randomly assigned sessions beginning with either 12 minutes of HSB or silence, followed by a 20-minute DR session. INTERVENTION: Random order of HSB intervention/silence prior to DR. MEASURES: Blood pressure (BP), heart rate (HR), Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS) scores measured before and after both sessions. ANALYSIS: Analysis of variance (ANOVA) compared differences between variables over time between both study days, and analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) analyzed changes from baseline, controlling for baseline, age, and sex. RESULTS: Fifty-one participants completed both sessions. There was a greater decline in systolic BP (p = .044) and HR (p = .003) with HSB compared to silence prior to DR. Changes in diastolic BP were greater with HSB, with a nonsignificant trend (p = .073). Hypertensive subjects (n = 20) had similar and significant BP changes with HSB and silence when compared to normotensive subjects (n = 31). PANAS scores fell significantly with both interventions. CONCLUSIONS: BP and HR responses were enhanced by HSB exposure. HSB may be used as an adjunct to DR to produce physiological and psychological responses prior to DR.
Authors: Melanie Bergmann; Stefan Riedinger; Ambra Stefani; Thomas Mitterling; Evi Holzknecht; Peter Grassmayr; Birgit Högl Journal: PLoS One Date: 2020-06-01 Impact factor: 3.240
Authors: Lourdes Díaz-Rodríguez; Keyla Vargas-Román; Juan Carlos Sanchez-Garcia; Raquel Rodríguez-Blanque; Guillermo Arturo Cañadas-De la Fuente; Emilia I De La Fuente-Solana Journal: Int J Environ Res Public Health Date: 2021-01-13 Impact factor: 3.390