Valorization of humin-based byproducts from biomass processing-a route to sustainable hydrogen.

The synthesis of biomass-based top value-added chemical platforms, for example, 5-hydroxymethyl furfural, furfural, or levulinic acid from the acid-catalyzed dehydration of sugars results in high yields of insoluble by-products, referred to as humin. Valorization of humin by steam reforming for H2 is discussed. Both thermal and catalytic steam gasification were investigated systematically. Humin undergoes drastic changes under thermal pre-treatment to the gasification temperature. Alkali-metal-based catalysts were screened for the reactions. Na2 CO3 showed the highest activity and was selected for further study. The presence of Na2 CO3 enhances the gasification rate drastically, and gas-product analysis shows that the selectivity to CO and CO2 is 75% and 25%, respectively, which is a H2 /CO ratio of 2 (corresponding to 81.3% H2 as compared to the thermodynamic equilibrium). A possible process for the complete, efficient conversion of humin is outlined.