Haiyan Cui1, Hui Jin, Quan Liu, Zhiqiang Yan, Lan Ding, Bo Qin. 1. Key Laboratory of Chemistry of North-western Plant Resources and Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China; Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, the causal agent of pine wilt disease, severely damages pine forests, and Bursaphelenchus mucronatus, a species related to B. xylophilus, is weakly pathogenic. Because the use of synthetic pesticides to control pine wilt disease has raised concerns for human and environmental health, a search for useful botanically based compounds is needed. RESULTS: The ethyl acetate layer from an ethanol extract of Stellera chamaejasme L. roots showed significant nematicidal activity against B. xylophilus and B. mucronatus, with LC50 values of 169.7 and 37.7 µg mL(-1), respectively, at 72 h. Further purification of the active layer yielded eight effective nematicidal compounds, which were identified by mass and nuclear magnetic resonance spectral data. Among the eight bioactive compounds, chamaejasmenin C induced the highest mortality against B. xylophilus, with an LC50 value of 2.7 µM at 72 h, and chamaechromone exhibited strong nematicidal activity against B. mucronatus, with an LC50 value of 0.003 µM at 72 h. CONCLUSION: The nematicidal metabolites from S. chamaejasme roots could be used as lead compounds for developing botanically based nematicides for the management of pine wilt disease.
BACKGROUND:Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, the causal agent of pine wilt disease, severely damages pine forests, and Bursaphelenchus mucronatus, a species related to B. xylophilus, is weakly pathogenic. Because the use of synthetic pesticides to control pine wilt disease has raised concerns for human and environmental health, a search for useful botanically based compounds is needed. RESULTS: The ethyl acetate layer from an ethanol extract of Stellera chamaejasme L. roots showed significant nematicidal activity against B. xylophilus and B. mucronatus, with LC50 values of 169.7 and 37.7 µg mL(-1), respectively, at 72 h. Further purification of the active layer yielded eight effective nematicidal compounds, which were identified by mass and nuclear magnetic resonance spectral data. Among the eight bioactive compounds, chamaejasmenin C induced the highest mortality against B. xylophilus, with an LC50 value of 2.7 µM at 72 h, and chamaechromone exhibited strong nematicidal activity against B. mucronatus, with an LC50 value of 0.003 µM at 72 h. CONCLUSION: The nematicidal metabolites from S. chamaejasme roots could be used as lead compounds for developing botanically based nematicides for the management of pine wilt disease.