Ekaterini Paschos1, Katharina Bücher2, Karin C Huth2, Alexander Crispin3, Andrea Wichelhaus4, Tamina Dietel5. 1. Department of Orthodontics, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany. epaschos@med.uni-muenchen.de. 2. Department of Restorative Dentistry, Periodontology and Pediatric Dentistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany. 3. Department of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany. 4. Department of Orthodontics, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany. 5. Dental School, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany.
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to assess the diagnostic performance and accuracy of four plaque indices for orthodontic patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The plaque accumulation of 140 maxillary incisors with bonded brackets was recorded using intra-oral photographs and assessed using four different plaque indices: the orthodontic plaque (OP) index, the modified orthodontic plaque (MOP) index, the Quigley and Hein (QHP) index and the modified Navy plaque (MNP) index. The assessment was performed twice within a time interval of 4 weeks by four different examiner groups: orthodontists, dentists, students and orthodontic assistants. RESULTS: No significant differences were detected for the OP and MOP indices among the examiner groups. A significant difference was found for the QHP and MNP indices. The inter- and intra-examiner reliability of the OP and MOP indices was good. In contrast, the reliability for the QHP and MNP indices was moderate to poor with few exceptions. The discrimination performance of the OP and MOP indices was excellent. The sum of the sensitivity and specificity was generally lower for the QHP and MNP indices compared with the OP and MOP indices. CONCLUSION: OP and MOP indices showed good performance. The QHP and MNP indices are not appropriate for orthodontic purposes. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Traditional plaque indices reflect the typical pattern of plaque accumulation for patients without multi-bracket appliances. The performance of these indices for orthodontic patients has never been investigated. Orthodontic plaque indices that focus on the surface along the gingival margin and areas around the bracket exhibit higher diagnostic performance and accuracy compared with traditional indices.
OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to assess the diagnostic performance and accuracy of four plaque indices for orthodontic patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The plaque accumulation of 140 maxillary incisors with bonded brackets was recorded using intra-oral photographs and assessed using four different plaque indices: the orthodontic plaque (OP) index, the modified orthodontic plaque (MOP) index, the Quigley and Hein (QHP) index and the modified Navy plaque (MNP) index. The assessment was performed twice within a time interval of 4 weeks by four different examiner groups: orthodontists, dentists, students and orthodontic assistants. RESULTS: No significant differences were detected for the OP and MOP indices among the examiner groups. A significant difference was found for the QHP and MNP indices. The inter- and intra-examiner reliability of the OP and MOP indices was good. In contrast, the reliability for the QHP and MNP indices was moderate to poor with few exceptions. The discrimination performance of the OP and MOP indices was excellent. The sum of the sensitivity and specificity was generally lower for the QHP and MNP indices compared with the OP and MOP indices. CONCLUSION: OP and MOP indices showed good performance. The QHP and MNP indices are not appropriate for orthodontic purposes. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Traditional plaque indices reflect the typical pattern of plaque accumulation for patients without multi-bracket appliances. The performance of these indices for orthodontic patients has never been investigated. Orthodontic plaque indices that focus on the surface along the gingival margin and areas around the bracket exhibit higher diagnostic performance and accuracy compared with traditional indices.