Current status of the research and development of diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase 1 (DGAT1) inhibitors.

Diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase 1 (DGAT1) has recently become a highly interesting target for metabolic disorders as well as for hepatitis C virus (HCV). DGAT1 processes diacylglycerol to triglycerides in the final step of resynthesis for the absorption of fat across the intestine. Pharmaceutical companies have developed many novel inhibitors of DGAT1, several of which have reached the clinic. Proof of target engagement was achieved with the observation of reduced triglycerides upon treatment of humans with DGAT1 inhibitors; however, there were gastrointestinal adverse events such as nausea, diarrhea, and vomiting. These adverse events have been reported with multiple compounds and are possibly linked to the target because of the recent identification of a human cohort deficient in DGAT1. Clinical studies are continuing in a trial to treat patients with an orphan indication for familial chylomicronemia. The full potential of DGAT1 as a therapeutic target will need to overcome observed clinical adverse events, which are possibly mechanism based. The widespread use of DGAT1 inhibitors will ultimately depend upon a better understanding of how to improve the GI tolerability of these agents.