Hiten D Patel1, Mohamad E Allaf. 1. James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, USA; Center for Surgical Trials and Outcomes Research, Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, USA; Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA. Electronic address: hitenpatel@jhmi.edu.