OBJECTIVE: To investigate the suitability of citrus-press cakes, by-products of the juice industry as a source for the whitening agents for cosmetic industry. METHODS: Ethylacetate extracts of citrus-press cakes (CCE) were examined for their anti-melanogenic potentials in terms of the inhibition of melanin production and mechanisim of melanogenesis by using Western Blot analysis with tyrosinese, tyrosinase-related protein-1 (TRP-1), TRP2, and microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) proteins. To apply the topical agents, citrus-press cakes was investigated the safety in human skin cell line. Finally flavonoid analysis of CCE was also determined by HPLC analysis. RESULTS: Results indicated that CCE were shown to down-regulate melanin content in a dose-dependent pattern. The CCE inhibited tyrosinase, TRP-2, and MITF expressions in a dose-dependent manner. To test the applicability of CCE to human skin, we used MTT assay to assess the cytotoxic effects of CCE on human keratinocyte HaCaT cells. The CCE exhibited low cytotoxicity at 50 µg/mL. Characterization of the citrus-press cakes for flavonoid contents using HPLC showed varied quantity of rutin, narirutin, and hesperidin. CONCLUSIONS: Considering the anti-melanogenic activity and human safety, CCE is considered as a potential anti-melanogenic agent and may be effective for topical application for treating hyperpigmentation disorders.
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the suitability of citrus-press cakes, by-products of the juice industry as a source for the whitening agents for cosmetic industry. METHODS:Ethylacetate extracts of citrus-press cakes (CCE) were examined for their anti-melanogenic potentials in terms of the inhibition of melanin production and mechanisim of melanogenesis by using Western Blot analysis with tyrosinese, tyrosinase-related protein-1 (TRP-1), TRP2, and microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) proteins. To apply the topical agents, citrus-press cakes was investigated the safety in human skin cell line. Finally flavonoid analysis of CCE was also determined by HPLC analysis. RESULTS: Results indicated that CCE were shown to down-regulate melanin content in a dose-dependent pattern. The CCE inhibited tyrosinase, TRP-2, and MITF expressions in a dose-dependent manner. To test the applicability of CCE to human skin, we used MTT assay to assess the cytotoxic effects of CCE on human keratinocyte HaCaT cells. The CCE exhibited low cytotoxicity at 50 µg/mL. Characterization of the citrus-press cakes for flavonoid contents using HPLC showed varied quantity of rutin, narirutin, and hesperidin. CONCLUSIONS: Considering the anti-melanogenic activity and human safety, CCE is considered as a potential anti-melanogenic agent and may be effective for topical application for treating hyperpigmentation disorders.
Authors: R Balkrishnan; A J McMichael; F T Camacho; F Saltzberg; T S Housman; S Grummer; S R Feldman; M-M Chren Journal: Br J Dermatol Date: 2003-09 Impact factor: 9.302
Authors: Seung Hwan Yang; Aristides M Tsatsakis; George Tzanakakis; Hong-Suk Kim; Bao Le; Maria Sifaki; Demetrios A Spandidos; Chigen Tsukamoto; Kirill S Golokhvast; Boris N Izotov; Gyuhwa Chung Journal: Int J Mol Med Date: 2017-07-10 Impact factor: 4.101
Authors: Jeong-Ook Lee; Eunji Kim; Ji Hye Kim; Yo Han Hong; Han Gyung Kim; Deok Jeong; Juewon Kim; Su Hwan Kim; Chanwoong Park; Dae Bang Seo; Young-Jin Son; Sang Yun Han; Jae Youl Cho Journal: J Ginseng Res Date: 2018-02-21 Impact factor: 6.060