How to find a thrombus in a small pulmonary vein that is not enhanced by contrast agents because of a lack of arterial blood flow.

It is unknown how to identify a small pulmonary vein thrombosis that is not contrasted because of loss of blood flow. Ischaemic stroke is an important clinical problem, and its prevention is a clinical target for the treatment of atrial fibrillation (AF). Because cardiac thrombus, a thrombus in the left atrial appendage and the left atrium, is well known, pulmonary vein thrombosis is thought to be a rare complication following lung surgery and catheter ablation. However, we have reported some cases of pulmonary vein thrombus without surgery, indicating that pulmonary vein thrombosis is not rare. In this case, we provide the details of an unenhanced pulmonary vein thrombus on 64-slice multidetector CT, which was largely illustrated in our previous case report. Because we understand the processes of the formation of pulmonary vein thrombus, we recognise an important implication of pulmonary vein thrombus; it alters hypoxic circumstances and under-nourished state.