Minimally invasive periorbital rejuvenation.

Minimally invasive procedures have become increasingly popular over the last decade. In many cases, the use of neuromodulators and fillers has replaced surgical procedures. This article reviews the analysis and evaluation of the aesthetic patient presenting for periorbital rejuvenation. A layered approach is used, evaluating the skin, fat, muscle, and bone to determine which procedure is best suited for each patient. Volume enhancement with the use of fat and fillers and muscle manipulation with the use of neuromodulators are discussed. A brief summary of currently available skin-resurfacing techniques is also discussed. Thieme Medical Publishers 333 Seventh Avenue, New York, NY 10001, USA.