CONTEXT: Acute viral hepatitis (AVH) is a major public health problem and is an important cause of morbidity and mortality. AIM: The aim of the present study is to determine the prevalence of hepatitis A virus (HAV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), hepatitis D virus (HDV) and hepatitis E virus (HEV) as causes of AVH in a tertiary care hospital of North India. SETTINGS AND DESIGN: Blood samples and clinical information was collected from cases of AVH referred to the Grade I viral diagnostic laboratory over a 1-year period. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Samples were tested for hepatitis B surface antigen, anti-HCV total antibodies, anti-HAV immunoglobulin M (IgM) and anti-HEV IgM by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. PCR for nucleic acid detection of HBV and HCV was also carried out. Those positive for HBV infection were tested for anti-HDV antibodies. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED: Fisher's exact test was used and a P < 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant. RESULTS: Of the 267 viral hepatitis cases, 62 (23.22%) patients presented as acute hepatic failure. HAV (26.96%) was identified as the most common cause of acute hepatitis followed by HEV (17.97%), HBV (16.10%) and HCV (11.98%). Co-infections with more than one virus were present in 34 cases; HAV-HEV co-infection being the most common. HEV was the most important cause of acute hepatic failure followed by co-infection with HAV and HEV. An indication towards epidemiological shift of HAV infection from children to adults with a rise in HAV prevalence was seen. CONCLUSIONS: To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report indicating epidemiological shift of HAV in Uttar Pradesh.
CONTEXT: Acute viral hepatitis (AVH) is a major public health problem and is an important cause of morbidity and mortality. AIM: The aim of the present study is to determine the prevalence of hepatitis A virus (HAV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), hepatitis D virus (HDV) and hepatitis E virus (HEV) as causes of AVH in a tertiary care hospital of North India. SETTINGS AND DESIGN: Blood samples and clinical information was collected from cases of AVH referred to the Grade I viral diagnostic laboratory over a 1-year period. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Samples were tested for hepatitis B surface antigen, anti-HCV total antibodies, anti-HAV immunoglobulin M (IgM) and anti-HEV IgM by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. PCR for nucleic acid detection of HBV and HCV was also carried out. Those positive for HBV infection were tested for anti-HDV antibodies. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED: Fisher's exact test was used and a P < 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant. RESULTS: Of the 267 viral hepatitis cases, 62 (23.22%) patients presented as acute hepatic failure. HAV (26.96%) was identified as the most common cause of acute hepatitis followed by HEV (17.97%), HBV (16.10%) and HCV (11.98%). Co-infections with more than one virus were present in 34 cases; HAV-HEV co-infection being the most common. HEV was the most important cause of acute hepatic failure followed by co-infection with HAV and HEV. An indication towards epidemiological shift of HAV infection from children to adults with a rise in HAV prevalence was seen. CONCLUSIONS: To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report indicating epidemiological shift of HAV in Uttar Pradesh.
Authors: Manoj V Murhekar; M Ashok; K Kanagasabai; Vasna Joshua; M Ravi; R Sabarinathan; B K Kirubakaran; V Ramachandran; Vishal Shete; Nivedita Gupta; Sanjay M Mehendale Journal: Am J Trop Med Hyg Date: 2018-10 Impact factor: 2.345
Authors: T Lopes; R Cable; C Pistorius; T Maponga; S Ijaz; W Preiser; R Tedder; M I Andersson Journal: Epidemiol Infect Date: 2017-03-30 Impact factor: 4.434