INTRODUCTION: Extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (XDR-TB) is emerging as a global public health problem. Its treatment is more expensive and difficult, and the outcomes much severe. The identification of risk factors for XDR-TB is of paramount importance to design effective TB control strategies. OBJECTIVE: To review published articles on risk factors for XDR-TB. METHODS: We identified 249 English articles on PubMed, and 182 were excluded by the abstract. The remaining articles were retrieved for full-text detailed evaluation by authors, and 27 relevant articles were selected for final review. RESULTS: Some risk factors were consistently present, mainly previous TB treatment and its length. Other conditions often associated were immigration, alcoholism and HIV coinfection. Pre-XDR-TB points to an increased risk of XDR-TB. CONCLUSION: The information regarding determinants of XDR-TB is relatively weak. However, special emphasis should be given to minimize the risks of TB retreatment to prevent the emergence of highly resistant TB.
INTRODUCTION: Extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (XDR-TB) is emerging as a global public health problem. Its treatment is more expensive and difficult, and the outcomes much severe. The identification of risk factors for XDR-TB is of paramount importance to design effective TB control strategies. OBJECTIVE: To review published articles on risk factors for XDR-TB. METHODS: We identified 249 English articles on PubMed, and 182 were excluded by the abstract. The remaining articles were retrieved for full-text detailed evaluation by authors, and 27 relevant articles were selected for final review. RESULTS: Some risk factors were consistently present, mainly previous TB treatment and its length. Other conditions often associated were immigration, alcoholism and HIV coinfection. Pre-XDR-TB points to an increased risk of XDR-TB. CONCLUSION: The information regarding determinants of XDR-TB is relatively weak. However, special emphasis should be given to minimize the risks of TB retreatment to prevent the emergence of highly resistant TB.
Authors: Mirtha Gabriela Soto Cabezas; César Vladimir Munayco Escate; Oscar Escalante Maldonado; Eddy Valencia Torres; Johans Arica Gutiérrez; Martin Javier Alfredo Yagui Moscoso Journal: Rev Panam Salud Publica Date: 2020-09-23
Authors: L Kuksa; V Riekstina; V Leimane; I Ozere; G Skenders; R Van den Bergh; K Kremer; C D Acosta; A D Harries Journal: Public Health Action Date: 2014-10-21
Authors: Karthickeyan Duraisamy; Sunilkumar Mrithyunjayan; Smita Ghosh; Sreenivas Achuthan Nair; Shibu Balakrishnan; Jayasankar Subramoniapillai; John E Oeltmann; Patrick K Moonan; Ajay M V Kumar Journal: Ann Am Thorac Soc Date: 2014-06