Recognition of synthetic peptides of Sm-D autoantigen by lupus sera.

The reactivity of autoantibodies present in the serum of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) was investigated by ELISA using seven overlapping synthetic peptides representing the entire sequence of the polypeptide D component of 'Sm antigen'. Of the 165 SLE sera tested, 59% were found to contain IgG antibodies able to bind to peptide 1-20, while 37% of the sera reacted with peptide 44-67. All sera reacting with peptide 44-67 also reacted with peptide 1-20. These two peptides were only seldom recognized by the sera of 187 patients with other rheumatic autoimmune diseases or by 53 sera of normal individuals. In a parallel study using sera that reacted with the D band in immunoblotting, most of the sera recognized peptides 44-67 (89%) and 1-20 (67%), while 33% of them reacted with peptide 97-119. The use of these synthetic peptides in ELISA may be of considerable help for detecting anti Sm autoantibodies.