Evaluation of plasma treatment effects on improving adhesive-dentin bonding by using the same tooth controls and varying cross-sectional surface areas.

The objective of this study was to evaluate and verify the effectiveness of plasma treatment for improving adhesive-dentin interfacial bonding by performing microtensile bond-strength (μTBS) testing using the same-tooth controls and varying cross-sectional surface areas. Extracted unerupted human third molars were used after removal of the crowns to expose the dentin surface. One half of each dentin surface was treated with a non-thermal argon plasma brush, whilst the other was shielded with glass slide and used as an untreated control. Adper Single Bond Plus adhesive and Filtek Z250 dental composite were then applied as directed. The teeth thus prepared were further cut into micro-bar specimens, with cross-sectional sizes of 1 × 1 mm², 1 × 2 mm², and 1 × 3 mm², for μTBS testing. The test results showed that plasma-treated specimens gave substantially stronger adhesive-dentin bonding than their corresponding same-tooth controls. Compared with their untreated controls, plasma treatment gave statistically significant higher bonding strength for specimens with a cross-sectional area of 1 × 1 mm² and 1 × 2 mm², with mean increases of 30.8% and 45.1%, respectively. Interface examination using optical and electron microscopy verified that plasma treatment improved the quality of the adhesive-dentin interface by reducing defects/voids and increasing the resin tag length in dentin tubules.