INTRODUCTION: Long-term exposure to increased lead (Pb) concentrations is associated with several chronic diseases. The divalent cation zinc (Zn) is essential for numerous enzymes. In a recent study we found remarkably elevated concentrations of Pb and Zn in the tidemark (TM), which is the mineralization front of human articular cartilage. OBJECTIVE: Duplication or multiplication of TMs occurs with advancing age or degeneration. We hypothesized that trace elements accumulate in TMs as a function of time. Thus, in cases of double TMs, the deep (older) TM should contain higher Pb and Zn concentrations than the superficial (younger) TM. DESIGN: Undecalcified tissue from articular cartilage and subchondral bone of femoral heads and patellae was examined by synchrotron radiation induced confocal micro X-ray fluorescence analysis and by quantitative backscattered electron imaging to determine the local distribution of Ca, Zn, and Pb in this tissue. RESULTS: The evaluation of X-ray fluorescence intensities in double TMs revealed in average a 2.6-fold higher Pb level in the deep TM compared to the superficial TM while Zn concentrations were similar. Pb and Zn contents were significantly enhanced in the deep TM (Pb: 35-fold, Zn: five-fold) and in the superficial TM (Pb: 12-fold, Zn: five-fold) compared to the bone level. CONCLUSION: For the first time a differential accumulation of Pb and Zn is documented in regions with double TMs revealing various timescales for the accumulation of these elements. Increased amounts of Pb are present in the TMs (up to the 62-fold of the bone level) featuring a potential source of internal Pb release if the TM region is destroyed.
INTRODUCTION: Long-term exposure to increased lead (Pb) concentrations is associated with several chronic diseases. The divalent cation zinc (Zn) is essential for numerous enzymes. In a recent study we found remarkably elevated concentrations of Pb and Zn in the tidemark (TM), which is the mineralization front of humanarticular cartilage. OBJECTIVE: Duplication or multiplication of TMs occurs with advancing age or degeneration. We hypothesized that trace elements accumulate in TMs as a function of time. Thus, in cases of double TMs, the deep (older) TM should contain higher Pb and Zn concentrations than the superficial (younger) TM. DESIGN: Undecalcified tissue from articular cartilage and subchondral bone of femoral heads and patellae was examined by synchrotron radiation induced confocal micro X-ray fluorescence analysis and by quantitative backscattered electron imaging to determine the local distribution of Ca, Zn, and Pb in this tissue. RESULTS: The evaluation of X-ray fluorescence intensities in double TMs revealed in average a 2.6-fold higher Pb level in the deep TM compared to the superficial TM while Zn concentrations were similar. Pb and Zn contents were significantly enhanced in the deep TM (Pb: 35-fold, Zn: five-fold) and in the superficial TM (Pb: 12-fold, Zn: five-fold) compared to the bone level. CONCLUSION: For the first time a differential accumulation of Pb and Zn is documented in regions with double TMs revealing various timescales for the accumulation of these elements. Increased amounts of Pb are present in the TMs (up to the 62-fold of the bone level) featuring a potential source of internal Pb release if the TM region is destroyed.
Authors: M Rauwolf; A Turyanskaya; A Roschger; J Prost; R Simon; O Scharf; M Radtke; T Schoonjans; A Guilherme Buzanich; K Klaushofer; P Wobrauschek; J G Hofstaetter; P Roschger; C Streli Journal: J Synchrotron Radiat Date: 2017-01-01 Impact factor: 2.616
Authors: Anna Turyanskaya; Mirjam Rauwolf; Tilman A Grünewald; Martin Meischel; Stefanie Stanzl-Tschegg; Jörg F Löffler; Peter Wobrauschek; Annelie M Weinberg; Helga C Lichtenegger; Christina Streli Journal: Materials (Basel) Date: 2016-09-30 Impact factor: 3.623
Authors: Mirjam Rauwolf; Bernhard Pemmer; Andreas Roschger; Anna Turyanskaya; Stephan Smolek; Angelika Maderitsch; Peter Hischenhuber; Martin Foelser; Rolf Simon; Susanna Lang; Stephan E Puchner; Reinhard Windhager; Klaus Klaushofer; Peter Wobrauschek; Jochen G Hofstaetter; Paul Roschger; Christina Streli Journal: Xray Spectrom Date: 2016-12-21 Impact factor: 1.488
Authors: B Pemmer; A Roschger; A Wastl; J G Hofstaetter; P Wobrauschek; R Simon; H W Thaler; P Roschger; K Klaushofer; C Streli Journal: Bone Date: 2013-08-09 Impact factor: 4.398
Authors: Kathryn Grandfield; Ralf Peter Herber; Ling Chen; Sabra Djomehri; Caleb Tam; Ji-Hyun Lee; Evan Brown; Wood R Woolwine; Don Curtis; Mark Ryder; Jim Schuck; Samuel Webb; William Landis; Sunita Ho Journal: Bone Rep Date: 2015-12-01
Authors: Anna Turyanskaya; Mirjam Rauwolf; Vanessa Pichler; Rolf Simon; Manfred Burghammer; Oliver J L Fox; Kawal Sawhney; Jochen G Hofstaetter; Andreas Roschger; Paul Roschger; Peter Wobrauschek; Christina Streli Journal: Sci Rep Date: 2020-04-14 Impact factor: 4.379