Triatoma jatai sp. nov. is the first new species of triatomine to be described in the state of Tocantins, in the northern region of Brazil. It was caught on rock outcrops in the wild environment and, more recently, invading homes. While T. jatai sp. nov. is morphologically similar to Triatoma costalimai, it is distinguished by its general colouring, differences in the blotches on the connexivum, wing size in females and external structures of the male genitalia. The type series has been deposited in the Entomological Collection and Herman Lent Collection, Oswaldo Cruz Institute-Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
Triatoma jatai sp. nov. is the first new species of triatomine to be described in the state of Tocantins, in the northern region of Brazil. It was caught on rock outcrops in the wild environment and, more recently, invading homes. While T. jatai sp. nov. is morphologically similar to Triatoma costalimai, it is distinguished by its general colouring, differences in the blotches on the connexivum, wing size in females and external structures of the male genitalia. The type series has been deposited in the Entomological Collection and Herman Lent Collection, Oswaldo Cruz Institute-Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
The state of Tocantins (TO) is located in the northern region of Brazil; 91%
of its territory is formed by the Cerrado (savanna-like) biome and the
remaining 9% by the Amazonian biome (IBGE 2004). In 2006, the 139 municipalities that
make up this state were classified regarding their degree of risk of vector transmission
of Chagas disease, such that 24.47% presented a high risk, 52.51% medium risk and 23.02%
low risk, with a triatomine fauna consisting of 12 species distributed across different
ecotopes (Costa et al. 2003, Oliveira et al. 2008). The southern and
southeastern regions of TO, which are considered to be endemic for Chagas disease, are
within the Cerrado biome and are composed of a variety of vegetation
types, such as cerrado (lightly wooded savanna-like terrain),
cerradão (more heavily wooded savanna-like terrain), park-like
terrain, campo limpo (savanna grassland) and campo
rupestre (rocky open terrain). This last type consists of large numbers of
calcareous rock outcrops scattered across the region that form the so-called “limestone
scrub”, which has the capacity to provide shelter for triatomine fauna and its food
sources.Specimens of Triatoma costalimai
Verano & Galvão, 1959 have been caught in the
municipalities of Aurora do Tocantins and Paranã, located in the southeast and south of
the state. This species is now included in the species subcomplex
matogrossensis, according to its molecular and biogeographical
characteristics (Schofield & Galvão 2009
).Also in Paranã, triatomine specimens similar to T. costalimai
, but unidentifiable from the classical morphological patterns have been caught.According to Dujardin et al. (2010),
the morphometric geometric of wings allows observing conformational changes undetectable
by traditional morphological methods and has been used for taxonomic identification of
cryptic species in Triatominae for the genus Rhodnius (Matias et al. 2001, Villegas et al. 2002, Rosa et al.
2012), Triatoma (Gumiel et
al. 2003, Carbajal de la Fuente 2007, Carbajal de la Fuente et al. 2011) and
Mepraia (Campos et al. 2011
). The morphology and the morphometric geometric of wings are studied and described
herein as bellowing to a new species of the genus Triatoma Laporte,
1832 and proposed a new taxonomic key for Triatoma matogrossensis
subcomplex based on Obara et al. (2012).
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Specimens of Triatoma jatai sp. nov was captured on rock
outcrops at four sites: on the ranch Fazenda Jatai (12°42’40’’S 48°13’12’’W),
bordering the TO-387/296 highway on the stretch between Paranã and São Salvador
(12°40’10’’S 48°12’16’’W and 12°40’40’’S 48°11’36’’W) and on Fazenda Vereda, Bangue
(12°26’05’’S 48°03’59’’W). All of these sites are within the municipality of Paranã
(Figs 1, 2). T. costalimai from Aurora do Tocantins and
Triatoma williami obtained from the National Laboratory and
International Reference on Taxonomy of Triatominae (LNIRTT), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation
(Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro (RJ), Brazil, were used to comparison (license SISBIO
18014-1). The morphometric study of T. jatai sp. nov. and
T. costalimai species was conducted on 30 males and 30 females
on stereoscopic microscopy (Zeiss - SV6 ®). The male genital structures
analyses were done on 10 specimens of T. jatai sp. nov. comparing
with T. costalimai (Lent &
Jurberg 1980).
Fig. 1
map showing Cerrado biome and sites of capture of
Triatoma jatai sp. nov, municipality of Paranã,
state of Tocantins, Brazil.
Fig. 2A
site of capture view; B-D: details of rock outcrops where
Triatoma jatai sp. nov. was captured on the ranch
Fazenda Jatai, state of Tocantins, Brazil.
The geometric morphometric analysis of wings was performed with T.
jatai sp. nov. (85 females and 67 males), T.
costalimai (54 females and 67 males), T. williami (5
females and 10 males) and Triatoma sordida (14 females and 6
males), as the outgroup. The wings were extirpated with forceps and mounted among
microscope slides and cover-slips with alcohol 70%. Photographs were taken using
digital camera (Sony DSC - S70) and coupled manually on the ocular of a
stereomicroscope Zeiss - SV6 ® . We used the 7 type-1 landmarks (vein
intersections) according to Bookstein (1990)
. For comparison of wing size we used the isometric estimator known as centroid size
(CS) derived from coordinates data. CS is defined as the square root of the sum of
the squared distances between the centre of the configuration of landmarks and each
individual landmark (Bookstein 1990). Shape
variables (partial warps plus uniform components) were obtained using the
Generalized Procrustes Analysis superimposition algorithm (Rohlf 1996) . The method is based in the superimposition of
each individual using least-square, eliminating effects of scale, orientation and
position of the objects. The shape variables define the positional changes at each
landmark in relation to a consensus shape.Kruskal-Wallis tests corrected by Bonferroni method were used to analyse
the CS between the analysed species. The Mahalanobis distances derived from shape
variables were used to explore the shape proximity between species. Their
statistical significance was computed by permutation tests (1,000 runs each) and
corrected by Bonferroni method. These distances were used in unweighted pair-group
method with arithmetic average (UPGMA) cluster analyses to produce dendrograms.
Discriminant analyses were performed to evaluate the existence of significant
differences to interspecific level and to reclassify the individuals using the
discriminant functions and Mahalanobis distances.For morphometric analysis we used CLIC v45 package developed by JP
Dujardin (life.bio.sunysb/morpho). Statistics analysis was executed with JMP v4 (SAS
Institute, Inc, Cary, NC, USA).The material is deposited in the Entomological Collection, Oswaldo Cruz
Institute (CEIOC), Fiocruz, and Herman Lent Collection, LNIRTT . The morphological
and morphometrics descriptions are according to the taxonomic characteristics for
the Triatominae proposed by Verano and Galvão
(1959) and Lent and Wygodzinsky
(1979).
RESULTS
T. jatai Gonçalves, Teves-Neves, Santos-Mallet,Carbajal-de- la-Fuente and Lopes, sp. nov.(Fig.3)Diagnosis - T. jatai sp. nov. (Fig.
3) can be distinguished from the morphologically closer species
T. costalimai (Fig. 4)
mainly by the smaller size (Tables I, II) and general brown colour; by the pilosity
of rostral segments, by the size and colour of the connexival spots, which are
yellow, above an intersegmental suture, which is brown; by the shorter wing size of
the females, finishing at the basal third of the seventh tergite and by the smaller
size and shape of the structures of male external genitalia (Table III).
Fig. 3
Triatoma jatai sp. nov. A: female; B: male.
Fig. 4
Triatoma costalimai . A: female; B: male.
TABLE I
Measurements (in mm) of Triatoma jatai sp. nov. and
Triatoma costalimai female captured in the
municipality of Paranã and Aurora do Tocantins, state of Tocantins,
Brazil
Gender
T. jatai
sp. nov.
T. costalimai
Variables
Min
Max
X
SD
S 2
Min
Max
X
SD
S 2
Total length
17.2
28.5
20.15
2.027
4.252
22.5
25.9
24.87
1.162
1.352
Width of abdomen
a
6.3
9.4
8.15
0.698
0.504
8.4
10.7
9.55
0.879
0.772
Length of pronotum
2.3
3.2
2.79
0.208
0.044
3.1
3.5
3.27
0.160
0.025
Width of pronotum
2.3
3.1
2.62
0.260
0.069
2.6
3.2
2.95
0.207
0.042
Length of head
3.9
4.4
4.06
0.145
0.021
4.1
5.1
4.81
0.376
0.141
Width of head
0.8
1.0
0.90
0.047
0.002
1.0
1.1
1.08
0.037
0.001
Synthlipsis
0.8
1.0
0.85
0.056
0.003
0.9
1.1
0.97
0.075
0.005
Width of eyes
0.4
0.5
0.40
0.017
0.000
0.5
0.5
0.50
0.000
0.000
Length of 1st rostral
segment
0.8
1.1
0.94
0.080
0.006
1
1.2
1.07
0.075
0.005
Length of 2nd rostral
segment
2
3.0
2.54
0.223
0.051
3
3.3
3.14
0.127
0.016
Length of 3rd rostral
segment
0.8
1.0
0.92
0.071
0.005
1
1.2
1.08
0.089
0.008
a: all the differences between species are
significant, except for the female width abdomen (analysis of
variance - p < 0.05); Max; maxima; Min: minimum; SD: standard
deviation; S 2: variance; X: average.
TABLE II
Measurements (in mm) of Triatoma jatai sp. nov. and
Triatoma costalimai male captured in the
municipality of Paranã and Aurora do Tocantins, state of Tocantins,
Brazil
Gender
T. jatai
sp. nov.
T. costalimai
Variables
Min
Max
X
SD
S 2
Min
Max
X
SD
S 2
Total length
16.6
21.9
18.64
1.249
1.561
19.9
22.8
21.47
0.784
0.615
Width of abdomen
a
6.0
7.9
6.94
0.486
0.236
5.6
8.4
6.99
0.834
0.696
Length of pronotum
2.6
3.2
2.88
0.179
0.032
2.2
3.6
3.08
0.303
0.092
Width of pronotum
2.2
3.0
2.55
0.188
0.035
2.5
3
2.77
0.176
0.031
Length of head
3.6
4.2
3.91
0.131
0.017
4.1
4.8
4.51
0.152
0.023
Width of head
0.7
0.9
0.84
0.056
0.003
0.9
1.0
0.96
0.047
0.002
Synthlipsis
0.7
0.8
0.76
0.049
0.002
0.8
1.0
0.87
0.073
0.005
Width of eyes
0.4
0.5
0.40
0.017
0.000
0.4
0.5
0.47
0.043
0.002
Length of 1st rostral
segment
0.5
1.0
0.90
0.116
0.013
0.8
1.2
1.00
0.090
0.008
Length of 2nd rostral
segment
2.0
2.9
2.45
0.214
0.046
2.7
3.2
2.94
0.124
0.016
Length of 3rd rostral
segment
0.7
1.0
0.88
0.077
0.005
0.6
1.0
0.98
0.099
0.010
a: all the differences between species are
significant, except for the male width abdomen (analysis of variance
- p < 0.05); Max; maxima; Min: minimum; SD: standard deviation; S
2: variance; X: average.
TABLE III
Morphological differences between Triatoma
jatai sp. nov. and Triatoma
costalimai Verano & Galvão, 1979
General aspects
T. jatai
sp. n.
T. costalimai
General colour
Brown
Dark brown or black
Rostrum
Second and third rostral
segments with short hairs, numerous on third
Second and third rostral
segments with numerous long hairs
Hemelytra
Corium with 2+2 ochre
spots on basal and apical regions. Males hemelytra attaining or
almost attaining apex of seventh urotergite, females attaining
basal third or middle of seventh urotergite
Corium with 2+2 red spots
on basal and apical regions. Males and female hemelytra
attaining apex of seventh urotegite
Connexivum
Connexivum brown with
apical clear triangular spot close to the basal intersegmental
suture
Connexivum entirely dark
brown or black, with orange-red marking of variable width
extending along outer connexival border, interrupted by very
narrow black bands on intersegmental suture
Tibiae
Spongy fossulae on fore
tibiae of male, absent in female
Spongy fossulae on fore
and mid tibiae of male, absent in female
Median process of
pygophore
Triangular with arcuate
base
Y shape with arcuate
base
Vesica
Vesica with recesses; 1+1
submedian and one in base; hooked in side view, elongated with
flat base and pointed apex in dorsal view
Vesica without recesses,
with flat base, curved in side view with rounded apex
Phallosoma
Pentagonal
Ovoid
a: all the differences between species are
significant, except for the female width abdomen (analysis of
variance - p < 0.05); Max; maxima; Min: minimum; SD: standard
deviation; S 2: variance; X: average.a: all the differences between species are
significant, except for the male width abdomen (analysis of variance
- p < 0.05); Max; maxima; Min: minimum; SD: standard deviation; S
2: variance; X: average.Length: male 18.6 mm, female 20.15 mm; length and width of head,
length of eye, synthlipsis, rostral segments, length and width of pronotum and width
of abdomen are in the Tables I, II.Head: brown, elongate, slightly rugose. Head four times longer than
width (1:0.23) and longer than pronotum (1:0.7) or as long as the pronotum and
scutellum together, without apical process of scutellum, covered with short setae;
1+1 glabrous area extending from the base to the antenniferous tubercles and to the
ocelli. Anteocular region four times longer than postocular region (1:0.22). Clypeus
narrow, extending gradually from the middle region. Genas sharp, projecting beyond
apex of clypeus. Jugum angular apically. Eyes in lateral view attaining level of
undersurface and remote from level of upper surface of head. Ratio of width of eye
to synthlipsis 1:0.5. Antenniferous tubercles inserted into the middle of anteocular
region of head. First antennal segment brown, reaching the middle of clypeus, with
scattered setae in row. Second segment brown, hirsute, bristles longer than the
diameter of the segment. Third segment with base dark and the remainder clear.
Fourth segment clear. Both third and fourth segments covered with sparse short and
long bristles, arranged perpendicularly to the segment. Ratio of antennal segments
1:4.5:2.7:2.4. Rostrum with the same colour as head, extending to prosternum, with
sparse short hairs on first and second segments; third segment with numerous hairs.
Ratio of rostral segments 1:3:1.Pronotum: brown, rugose, length and width similar. Anterior lobe
with 1+1 discal tubercles; lateral tubercles absent. Submedian carinae almost
reaching the posterior margin of posterior lobe. Humeral angles rounded; may present
1+1 light spot.Scutellum: brown, rugose, with a central V-shaped depression.
Apical process cylindrical, as long as main body of scutellum; apex slightly
elevated, rounded.Hemelytra: males attaining or almost attaining apex of seventh
urotergite. Females short, attaining basal third or middle of seventh urotergite.
Corium and clavus brown; subcosta light. Corium with 2+2 ochre spots on basal and
apical regions. Membrane gray with black veins.Legs: brown with short hairs in row. Fore femora eight times as
long as wide. Fore and mid femora with a couple of weak denticles subapically. Males
with spongy fossulae on tibiae of foreleg; absent in female.Abdomen: convex, polished, covered by short hairs, appearing
glabrous. Spiracles clear adjoining connexival suture. Urosternites brown.
Connexivum predominantly brown with basal clear triangular spots of variable width,
near the intersegmental suture. Females with abdomen wider than in males
(1:0.8).Male genitalia: parameres cylindrical; upper third curved with
laminar projections at 90°. Middle and inner surface hairy; outer side glabrous and
hirsute on edge (Fig. 5). Median process of
pygophore triangular with arcuate base (Fig. 6). Phallus ventral, showing pentagonal
phallosoma (Figs 7, 8). Phallus lateral view showing elongated hollow struts;
lateral arms attached apically and slightly separated in the base (Figs 9, 10).
Phallus dorsal view with endosomal aliform process, striated throughout its length;
apical third with conspicuously sclerotised projections (Figs 11, 12). Vesica with
recesses; 1+1 submedian and one in base; hooked in side view, elongated with flat
base and pointed apex in dorsal view (Figs 9, 11, 13). Gonopore process cylindrical,
hollow; outer edges removed almost reaching the median basal plate (Figs 7, 9).
Median basal plate rectangular, welded to basal plate (Fig. 7).
Figs 5-13
Triatoma jatai sp. nov.; 5: parameres, side view,
internal view and external view; 6: median process of pygophore; 7:
phallus, ventral view; 8: phallosoma; 9: phallus, lateal view; 10:
struts; 11: phallus, dorsal view; 12: endosoma process; 13: vesica,
ventral, lateral and dorsal view.
Type-locality - Fazenda Jatai (12°42’40’’S 48°13’12’’W),
municipality of Paranã.Type data and depository - Holotype: female (27 IX 2007) and seven
paratypes (4 males and 3 females) from Fazenda Jatai (12°42’40’’S 48°13’12’’W),
municipality of Paranã; four paratypes (2 males and 2 females) from the same
locality registrations 3401-3404 of Herman Lent Collection (LNIRTT/IOC).Other material examined - One male for the description; four males
for the genitalia study, 30 males and 30 females for the morphometric study.Distribution - Municipality of Paranã (Fig. 1).Etymology - The specific epithet is a noun in apposition referring
to the capture site, Fazenda Jatai in the type locality, to where the local
population was relocated during the construction of the Aproveitamento Hidrelétrico
Peixe Angical, TO.Pronotum brown or with marking ......................... 2- Pronotum entirely black ........................................... 4Legs brown, fore and mid femora with a couple of weak denticles subapically;
males with spongy fossulae on tibiae of foreleg, absent in female; hemelytra
with corium and clavus brown and membrane gray with black veins, hemelytra
of female short, attaining basal third or middle of seventh urotergite;
connexivum predominantly brown with clear triangular spots of variable
width, near the basal intersegmental suture ................... T. jatai- Legs, hemelytra and connexival spots different from the description above
................................................ 3Pronotum and legs reddish brown; trochanters yellowish; femora with small
tubercles; connexivum dark, with subtriangular orange mark on each segment,
ventrally attaining the connexival suture; head with anteocular region 6 or
more times longer than postocular (1:0.16)
.................................................................. T.
jurbergi- Pronotum dark brown or reddish brown with 1+1 light spots on ad-humeral
region; legs light yellowish brown with markings or annulus dark coloured;
femora predominantly light coloured; connexivum yellow or yellowish brown
with a straight dark strip
............................................................................................
T. matogrossensisTibiae brown: head, pronotum, pleura, prosternum and abdomen black;
anteocular region 4.6 times longer than postocular; eyes in lateral view not
surpassing the superior limit of the head; connexivum ventrally, without
marks; connexivum dorsal almost without marking except small black line in
intersegmental su-ture
......................................................................... T.
vandae- Tibiae uniformly coloured or with spot apically or with light coloured
annulus subapically ......................... 5Trochanters and base of femora yellow; legs dark brown; hemelytra attaining
the apex of seventh urotergite in both sexes; transversal dark markings of
connexivum approximately in shape of musical notes; head longer than
pronotum (1:0.9) .................................. T. deaneorum- Femora entirely dark, trochanters partially or entirely
dark..............................................................................
6First antennal segment distant from the level of apex of clypeus
.....................................................................7apex of clypeus; apical process of scutellum short, shorter than the half of
entirely scutellum; hemelytra attaining the apex of dorsal abdomen; corium
with basal half light yellow; apical half of corium and membrane brown; head
with anteocular region 4 times longer than postocular. Large eyes just
surpassing inferior border of head in lateral view. Apical process of
scutellum hori-zontal
........................................................................ T.
guazuCorium of hemelytra black with orange or reddish spots on apical half;
connexivum black and edge of border orange, interrupted by very narrow black
bands at level of intersegmental suture; at internal limit connexivum
entirely black ......................................... T. costalimai- Corium of hemelytra yellow or orange with dark veins; connexivum different;
legs black, anterior and median femora with small tubercles
............................... 8Connexivum pale yellow with small markings at intersegmental suture along the
external border and a dark line along connexival suture; membrane grayish
brown; anteocular region 4 times longer than postocu-lar
..........................................................................
T. williami- Connexivum completely pale yellow; dark suture visible only ventrally;
membrane fumose; anteocular region 5 times longer than
postocular.................. T. barataiSize variation - The Kruskal-Wallis test revealed significant
differences (p < 0.001) between T.
costalimai, T.
williami, T. jatai sp. nov. and
T.
sordida being markedly lower wings of T.
jatai sp. nov. (Fig. 14). The
female wings of T.
jatai sp. nov. are significantly smaller than the males (p <
0.001) (Fig. 14). No significant differences
were found in the CS of males and females belonging to the species T.
sordida .
Fig. 14
variation of size [centroid size (CS)] among Triatoma
jatai sp. nov., Triatoma costalimai, Triatoma
williami and Triatoma sordida . Box plot
indicate median of group as a line in the middle of quartiles (25 and 75
closed the box and 10 and 90 as lines in the extremes of each box). Line
dot denotes the grand mean. The point at centre of the boxes shows the
distribution of specimens.
Shape variablesThe individuals projected onto the two first
canonical factors show a separation between T. jatai sp. nov. and
T.
costalimai species. However, exist an overlap between the polygons
from T.
williami and T.
sordida species (Fig. 15).
The permutation test corrected by Bonferroni showed that T.
jatai sp. nov. is significantly different from other species (p
< 0.001). The derived UPGMA dendogram showed a clear separation between species (
Fig. 16). Rates of reclassification of
individuals to T.
jatai sp. nov. and T.
costalimai were considered satisfactory (48-64%) and for
T.
willami were acceptable (70% and 80%) and for the females of
T.
sordida lower (35%) and higher for males (82%). The contribution of
canonical factors resulted in 59%, 30% and 6% for the first three factors.
Fig. 15
canonical variate analysis of Triatoma jatai sp.
nov., Triatoma costalimai, Triatoma williami and
Triatoma sordida . Centroid distribution
(multivariate mean) on canonicals factors (CF) 1 and 2. F: female; M:
male.
Fig. 16
unweighted pair-group method with arithmetic average dendogram
derived from Mahalanobis distances based on wings shape.
DISCUSSION
A study on the triatomine fauna of the southern and southeastern regions
of TO was conducted between 2004-2008, covering a total of 11 municipalities: Peixe,
São Salvador, Paranã, São Valério, Ponte Alta do Bom Jesus, Taguatinga, Aurora do
Tocantins, Lavandeira, Combinado, Novo Alegre and Arraias (Gonçalves et al. 2006).In the southeastern region, in the municipalities of Ponte Alta do Bom
Jesus, Taguatinga, Aurora do Tocantins and Paranã, specimens of T.
costalimai infected with Trypanosoma cruzi (Chagas
1909) were collected from wild environments among volcanic rock outcrops. Aurora do
Tocantins was the only municipality in which specimens of this species positive for
T. cruzi were also caught in peridomestic areas .The type locality for T. costalimai is the district of
Manhã, municipality of Taguatinga, state of Goiás, and specimens were collected from
limestone outcrops (Verano & Galvão 1959
).The specimens of T. jatai sp. nov., which were
restricted to the municipality of Paranã, were also caught in the wild environment
but, unlike T. costalimai in this region, among limestone outcrops
and without the presence of infection by T. cruzi. To investigate
infection due to T. cruzi, faeces and/or urine of both species were
obtained by means of abdominal compression and were seeded into Novy-MacNeal-Nicolle
culture medium.Recently, three adult specimens (1 male and 2 females) were also
collected from inside a home [A Feitosa, unpublished observations (Health Department
of the State of Tocantins)].Both species are too close morphologically, but may be differentiated
mainly by the size, general colour, size and shape of wings, connexivum and
intersegmental sutures. T. jatai sp. nov. is brown and
significantly smaller than T. costalimai, which present the general
colour black. The wings of female are visibly shorter, ending at the level of the
seventh urotergite, while in T. costalimai the wings cover the
eighth urotergite. T. jatai sp. nov. show a connexivum with
subtriangular yellow connexival blotches of varying width, located in the apical
region proximal to the chestnut brown intersegmental sutures, different of
T. costalimai, where the connexivum have a reddish outline,
weakly interrupted at the level of the intersegmental sutures by a black band and
completely black at the internal limit with the abdomen.Structures of the male external genitalia of T. jatai
specimens did not show intraspecific variation, but they are smaller than T.
costalimai described by Lent and
Jurberg (1980). T. jatai shows the m
edian process of pygophore is triangular; the vesica show recesses, hooked in side
view, the phallosoma has a trapezoidal shape, while T. costalimai
the median process of pygophore has any shape, the vesica show no recesses, less
hooked in side view, and the phallosoma is ovoid.Pires et al. (1995) identified differences of
genital structures for two populations of Triatoma infestans as
well Costa et al. (1997) to Triatoma
brasiliensis population. However, the last author state that a large
and representative samples should be examinated before using for diagnosis. This
corroborates the results of the present study where a multidisciplinary analysis was
important to a taxonomic identification.Regarding the CS, females of T. jatai sp. nov. have
smaller wings than T.
costalimai and T. williami . Sexual dimorphism in
body size may be observed in both T. jatai sp. nov. and T.
costalimai species, as observed for other triatomine species where
females are larger than males (Márquez et al.
2011, Gaspe et al. 2012).
Significant differences were observed comparing the sexes between the species where
T. jatai sp. nov. was significantly lower than T.
costalimai . Only the abdomen width was bigger in T.
jatai sp. nov. males, which may be associated to nutritional status,
which does not influence the other morphological characteristics.The geometric morphometrics wings allowed to differentiate T.
jatai sp. nov. from the species T. costalimai and
T. williami, which are close morphologically (Lent & Wygodzinsky 1979).The wings shape showed the separation between T. jatai
sp. nov. and the remaining species. Thus, the UPGMA Mahalanobis distances tree
evidenced that T. jatai sp. nov. and T. costalimai
clustered in different clades, corroborating the differences found by other tools
presented in this paper, showing once again the contribution of geometric
morphometrics to clarify taxonomic differences.The main vector causing endemicity of Chagas disease in the southeastern
region of TO is the species T. infestans (Klug 1834), which was
eliminated from domestic environments in 2002 (Oliveira et al. 2008). In turn, the native species started to occupy the
vacant ecotopes and participate in transmission of T. cruzi as
commented by Costa and Lorenzo (2009).
T. costalimai is now taking on epidemiological importance
because of the numbers of notifications of colonisation by this species in
peridomestic and domestic areas, with the presence of infection by T.
cruzi, thus showing the importance of maintaining epidemiological
surveillance in relation to these species. Although T. jatai sp.
nov. was caught in the wild environment, on rock outcrops located close to a settled
area and although it was negative for T. cruzi, it was also
recently found in a home on a ranch close to the type locality. This occurrence in
an area with human activity shows that the importance of entomological surveillance
focusing on T. costalimai should be extended to T.
jatai sp. nov.The subfamily Triatominae, for which up to the year 2012, 144 species had
been recorded, with 62 occurring within Brazilian territory (Poinar 2005, Schofield &
Galvão 2009, Frias-Lasserre 2010 ,
Gurgel-Gonçalves et al. 2012, Rosa et al. 2012), now with T.
jatai sp. nov. numbers 145 species and 64 in Brazil.Bionomic studies aiming to elucidate the vector potential of T.
jatai sp. nov. for transmission of the parasite T.
cruzi are being conducted.
Authors: Jane Costa; Carlos Eduardo Almeida; Ellen M Dotson; Antônia Lins; Márcio Vinhaes; Antônio Carlos Silveira; Charles Ben Beard Journal: Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz Date: 2003-08-18 Impact factor: 2.743
Authors: Simone Caldas Teves; Sueli Gardim; Ana Laura Carbajal de la Fuente; Catarina Macedo Lopes; Teresa Cristina Monte Gonçalves; Jacenir Reis dos Santos Mallet; João Aristeu da Rosa; Carlos Eduardo Almeida Journal: Am J Trop Med Hyg Date: 2016-01-19 Impact factor: 2.345
Authors: Simone Caldas Teves; Helena Keiko Toma; Catarina Macedo Lopes; Bruna Lucia Nascimento de Oliveira; Ana Laura Carbajal-de-la-Fuente; Danielle Misael de Souza; Iza Alencar Sampaio de Oliveira; Jacenir Reis Dos Santos-Mallet; Teresa Cristina Monte Gonçalves Journal: Am J Trop Med Hyg Date: 2019-01 Impact factor: 2.345
Authors: Vagner José Mendonça; Jader de Oliveira; Aline Rimoldi; Júlio C R Ferreira Filho; Renato Freitas de Araújo; João Aristeu da Rosa Journal: Am J Trop Med Hyg Date: 2015-03-23 Impact factor: 2.345
Authors: Jane Costa; Nathália Cordeiro Correia; Vanessa Lima Neiva; Teresa Cristina Monte Gonçalves; Márcio Felix Journal: Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz Date: 2013-09 Impact factor: 2.743
Authors: Rita de Cássia Moreira de Souza; Gabriel H Campolina-Silva; Claudia Mendonça Bezerra; Liléia Diotaiuti; David E Gorla Journal: Parasit Vectors Date: 2015-07-10 Impact factor: 3.876
Authors: Beatriz A García; Alicia R Pérez de Rosas; María J Blariza; Carla G Grosso; Cintia J Fernández; María M Stroppa Journal: Curr Genomics Date: 2013-08 Impact factor: 2.236
Authors: João Aristeu da Rosa; Vagner José Mendonça; Sueli Gardim; Danila Blanco de Carvalho; Jader de Oliveira; Juliana Damieli Nascimento; Heloisa Pinotti; Mara Cristina Pinto; Mario Cilense; Cleber Galvão; José Maria Soares Barata Journal: Parasit Vectors Date: 2014-01-09 Impact factor: 3.876
Authors: Nilsa E Gonzalez-Britez; Hernán J Carrasco; Clara Elena Martínez Purroy; M Dora Feliciangeli; Marisel Maldonado; Elsa López; Maikell J Segovia; Antonieta Rojas de Arias Journal: Front Public Health Date: 2014-09-19
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