Wenlong Li1, Naren Gunja. 1. Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. weli3785@uni.sydney.edu.au
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Illicit drug use is common in Australia, with nearly 40% of Australians having tried an illicit substance in their lifetime. While cannabis is by far the most prevalent substance used, heroin and other opiates contribute to over 90% of deaths associated with illicit drug use. OBJECTIVE: This article describes the current epidemiology and harms related to illicit drug use, and outlines the principles in the management of acute overdose. DISCUSSION: The acute management of a suspected overdose involves the identification of the toxicants by taking a careful history accompanied by a focused physical examination. An understanding of the pharmacological profile of the illicit drug and its corresponding toxidrome is essential in providing acute care before referral to emergency medical services.
BACKGROUND: Illicit drug use is common in Australia, with nearly 40% of Australians having tried an illicit substance in their lifetime. While cannabis is by far the most prevalent substance used, heroin and other opiates contribute to over 90% of deaths associated with illicit drug use. OBJECTIVE: This article describes the current epidemiology and harms related to illicit drug use, and outlines the principles in the management of acute overdose. DISCUSSION: The acute management of a suspected overdose involves the identification of the toxicants by taking a careful history accompanied by a focused physical examination. An understanding of the pharmacological profile of the illicit drug and its corresponding toxidrome is essential in providing acute care before referral to emergency medical services.