A comprehensive study on dehydration-induced antioxidative responses during germination of Indian bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L. em Thell) cultivars collected from different agroclimatic zones.

To explore the adaptability of bread wheat to dehydration stress, we screened 28 cultivars collected from different agroclimatic zones, on the basis of malonaldehyde content as biochemical marker in roots of wheat seedlings during germination and classified them as highly tolerant, tolerant, sensitive and highly sensitive. From this primary screening, ten cultivars that showed differential responses to dehydration stress were selected to understand the biochemical and physiological basis of stress tolerance mechanisms. The highly tolerant cultivars showed lower levels of lipid peroxidation, less membrane damage, increased levels of antioxidants, enzymes like catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, glutathione reductase activities, and maintained higher relative water content in comparison to sensitive cultivars, indicating better protection mechanism operating in tolerant cultivars. Correspondingly, highly tolerant cultivars exhibited more accumulation of proline and less H2O2 content across different time points of polyethylene glycol treatments in comparison to sensitive ones. The above biochemical and physiological parameters were further validated through northern analysis of catalase (CAT1) gene, that showed differential expression patterns in tolerant and sensitive cultivars largely in confirmation with the biochemical and physiological analyses. Our study positively correlates the differences in the redox status and antioxidant defense system between tolerant and sensitive cultivars for the establishment of wheat seedlings in typical dehydration conditions.