Therapeutic vaccines for ovarian cancer.

While therapeutic vaccines for ovarian cancer represent only a small fraction of active clinical trials, growing interest in this area and the accumulated data supporting the use of vaccines in cancer treatment portend further expansion of trials incorporating these strategies. This review explores the rationale for the use of vaccines for the treatment of ovarian cancer. It examines vaccine platforms that have been investigated and reviews the data from these studies. We also highlight recently reported phase 2 and 3 clinical trials with clinical outcomes as endpoints. Finally, we consider directions for the next generation of vaccines in light of these findings and our emerging understanding of agents that may augment vaccine responses by targeting the immunosuppressive impact of the tumor microenvironment.