V S Knopik1, L C Bidwell1, C Flessner1, N Nugent1, L Swenson2, K K Bucholz3, P A F Madden3, A C Heath3. 1. Division of Behavioral Genetics, Rhode Island Hospital and Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA. 2. Suffolk University, Boston, MA, USA. 3. Midwest Alcoholism Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: DSM-IV specifies a hierarchal diagnostic structure such that an oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) diagnosis is applied only if criteria are not met for conduct disorder (CD). Genetic studies of ODD and CD support a combination of shared genetic and environmental influences but largely ignore the imposed diagnostic structure. METHOD: We examined whether ODD and CD share an underlying etiology while accounting for DSM-IV diagnostic specifications. Data from 1446 female twin pairs, aged 11-19 years, were fitted to two-stage models adhering to the DSM-IV diagnostic hierarchy. RESULTS: The models suggested that DSM-IV ODD-CD covariation is attributed largely to shared genetic influences. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first study, to our knowledge, to examine genetic and environmental overlap among these disorders while maintaining a DSM-IV hierarchical structure. The findings reflect primarily shared genetic influences and specific (i.e. uncorrelated) shared/familial environmental effects on these DSM-IV-defined behaviors. These results have implications for how best to define CD and ODD for future genetically informed analyses.
BACKGROUND: DSM-IV specifies a hierarchal diagnostic structure such that an oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) diagnosis is applied only if criteria are not met for conduct disorder (CD). Genetic studies of ODD and CD support a combination of shared genetic and environmental influences but largely ignore the imposed diagnostic structure. METHOD: We examined whether ODD and CD share an underlying etiology while accounting for DSM-IV diagnostic specifications. Data from 1446 female twin pairs, aged 11-19 years, were fitted to two-stage models adhering to the DSM-IV diagnostic hierarchy. RESULTS: The models suggested that DSM-IV ODD-CD covariation is attributed largely to shared genetic influences. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first study, to our knowledge, to examine genetic and environmental overlap among these disorders while maintaining a DSM-IV hierarchical structure. The findings reflect primarily shared genetic influences and specific (i.e. uncorrelated) shared/familial environmental effects on these DSM-IV-defined behaviors. These results have implications for how best to define CD and ODD for future genetically informed analyses.
Authors: Mahim Jain; Luis Guillermo Palacio; F Xavier Castellanos; Juan David Palacio; David Pineda; Maria I Restrepo; Juan F Muñoz; Francisco Lopera; Deeann Wallis; Kate Berg; Joan E Bailey-Wilson; Mauricio Arcos-Burgos; Maximilian Muenke Journal: Biol Psychiatry Date: 2006-09-01 Impact factor: 13.382
Authors: Susan D Cochran; Jack Drescher; Eszter Kismödi; Alain Giami; Claudia García-Moreno; Elham Atalla; Adele Marais; Elisabeth Meloni Vieira; Geoffrey M Reed Journal: Bull World Health Organ Date: 2014-06-17 Impact factor: 9.408
Authors: Mikael O Ekblad; Emily Rolan; Kristine Marceau; Rohan Palmer; Alexandre Todorov; Andrew C Heath; Valerie S Knopik Journal: Nicotine Tob Res Date: 2020-07-16 Impact factor: 4.244
Authors: Ralf Kuja-Halkola; Paul Lichtenstein; Brian M D'Onofrio; Henrik Larsson Journal: J Child Psychol Psychiatry Date: 2014-10-10 Impact factor: 8.982