Taxonomic revision of the genus Callimerus Gorham s. l. (Coleoptera, Cleridae). Part I. latifrons species-group.

The latifrons species-group (=Brachycallimerus sensu Chapin 1924, Corporaal 1950; = flavofasciatus-group sensu Kolibáč 1998) of Callimerus Gorham is redefined and revised. Five species are recognized including one new species Callimerus cacuminis Yang & Yang sp. n. (type locality: Yunnan, China). Callimerus flavofasciatus Schenkling, 1902 is newly synonymized with Callimerus latifrons Gorham, 1876. Callimerus trifasciatus Schenkling, 1899a is transferred to the genus Corynommadius Schenkling, 1899a. Callimerus gorhami Corporaal, 1949 and Callimerus pallidus Gorham, 1892 are excluded from the latifrons species-group (their assignment to a species-group will be dealt with in a subsequent paper). A key to species of the latifrons species-group is given and habitus of each type specimen, male terminalia, and other diagnostic characters are illustrated.

Introduction

The genus Chapin was erected by Chapin (1924) for Gorham, 1876, Gorham, 1892, Gorham, 1883, Schenkling, 1899b and Schenkling, 1899a, which differed from typical Gorham in having “broad and compact form, short and compact antennae, and the total absence of scales from the upper surface”. Later, two additional species, Corporaal, 1937 and Corporaal, 1949, were described and another two species, Gorham, 1892 and Schenkling, 1902, were transferred to (Corporaal 1937; Chapin 1924). Hence, in the catalogue Corporaal (1950), a total of 9 valid species were included in this genus.

Kolibáč (1998) synonymized with based on phylogenetic analysis of 38 morphological characters stating that “ is derived from the major part of ” and that “ would be a paraphyletic taxon if were classified as a separate genus”. He treated members of as flavofasciatus-group infra . Other three species groups were proposed within in that paper: dulcis-group (major part of Gorham, 1876), coomani-group (= Pic, 1929) and prasinatus-group (= Corporaal & Pic, 1940). Corporaal, 1937 was excluded from flavofasciatus-group, but assigned in coomani-group for the reason that its claw lacks a basal tooth (Fig. 77). The synonymy of under is approved in Gerstmeier et al. (2012: 391), though they were treated as separate genera in Opitz (2010: 82).

Figures 73–83.

73–75 Lectotype of Schenkling, 1899 (73 habitus 74 head 75 labels) 76–78 Corporaal, 1937 (76 habitus of holotype 77 hind leg of paratype 78 labels of holotype) 79–80 Holotype of Gorham, 1892 (79 habitus 80 label) 81–83 Holotype of Corporaal, 1949 (81 habitus 82 head 83 labels).

In the present paper, we follow the classification system of Kolibáč (1998) and treat Chapin in a species-group rank, named it latifrons species-group (= flavofasciatus-group sensu Kolibáč 1998); the name of the species group is changed because Schenkling, 1902 is synonymized with Gorham, 1876 herein, which is the oldest species of this species group. The purpose of this paper is to redefine latifrons species-group and revise its members. Five species are kept in the redefined latifrons species-group, with one new species from China (Yunnan) and Laos; one new synonym is proposed and three species that formally belong to this species group are excluded. The exclusion of (Corporaal, 1937) by Kolibáč (1998) is approved. All members of this species group are distributed in Southeast Asia.

Material and methods

Materials examined in the present paper are deposited in the following collections. Abbreviations are shown in the text as follows:

CAU

China Agricultural University, Beijing, China

CCCC

Collection of Mr. CHEN Changchin, Taiwan, China

PageBreakIZAS

Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China

MCSN

Museo Civico di Storia Naturale, Genova, Italy

MNHN

Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France

NHMB

Naturhistorisches Museum, Basel, Switzerland

NHML

The Natural History Museum, London, United Kingdom

NHRS

Naturhistoriska Riksmuseet, Stockholm, Sweden

OUM

Hope Department of Entomology, University Museum, Oxford, United Kingdom

RMNH

Rijksmuseum van Natuurlijke Historie, Leiden, The Netherlands

USNM

National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D. C., USA

ZMAN

Zoölogisch Museum Amsterdam, Leiden, The Netherlands

Whole male abdomens were removed from the body with fine forceps and treated with10% KOH solution at room temperature for 8–12 hours. Male terminalia were prised apart,rinsed and examined in 70% ethanol. Tegmina were photographed when totally dry in the air, while other parts of male terminalia were photographed in glycerol. All male terminalia components were permanentlystored within glycerol in genital vial which was pinned below specimen. Habitus images were captured using a Nikon D7000 digital camera with Tamron SP 90mm lens, or Canon 450D digital camera with CanonMacro 100 mm lens. Terminalia images were captured by a Nikon digital Sight DS–SM camera fitted to a Nikon SMZ–1500 stereoscopic dissecting microscope controlled by ACT–2U software, or by a Canon 450D digital camera fittedto a Nikon SMZ–1500 stereoscopic dissecting microscope. Series of partially focused photographswere taken and then combined using Helicon Focus software, and finallyprocessed with Adobe Photoshop software. Line drawings were made under Leica MZ125 stereoscopic dissecting microscope or created from color photographs using Adobe Illustrator software. Distribution maps, created in Adobe Illustrator software, are based on examined materials and published records.

Measurements were made under a stereomicroscope using an ocular micrometer. Body length is the linear distance from labrum to elytral apices. Body width is themaximum width across elytra. Abbreviations are shown in the text as follows: AL: antennal length; AD: distance between two antennae insertions. EyD: minimum distance between two eyes; EyW: maximum eye width in dorsal view (Fig. 71); PL: prothorax maximum length; PW: prothorax maximum width; EL: elytra maximum length; EW: elytra maximum width. Terminology mostly follows Ekis (1977). The male tegmen possesses three membranous semi-transparent regions, a pair of slit-like ones situated at both dorsal-lateral sides (Figs 59–60, 66–67) and the other, more or less cordiform, situated ventrally (Figs 60–61, 67–69); these membranous regions are more clear to see when tegmen is dry. The ventral membranous region is cordiform, surrounded by a pair of outer margins and a pair of inner margins (Figs 68, 69). Spicular forks are comprised of a spicular apodeme (sensu Opitz 2010) and a pair of spicular arms(Fig. 63; = lateral plates of the spicular fork sensu Opitz 2010). When describing male termiPageBreaknalia, the following abbreviations are introduced: TML: length of ventral membranous region of the tegmen; TMW: width of ventral membranous region of the tegmen (Figs 61, 68–69); TMaL: vertical length of apical lobe of the ventral membranous region of tegmen; SApL: length of spicular apodeme; SFL: length of spicular fork.

Figures 54–71.

Holotypeof YANG & YANG. 54–55 habitus (54 dorsal view 55 ventral view) 56 labels 57 claw 58 subapical metatibia 59–61 tegmen (59 dorsal view 60 lateral view 61 ventral view) 62 phallus 63 spicular fork 64 tergite VIII 65 sternite VIII 66–69 tegmen (66 dorsal view 67 lateral view 68 ventral view 69 outline of ventral membranous region) 70 elytron apex 71 head.

Original and later important taxonomic references are cited after taxon names. Full label data are provided for name-bearing type specimens: label data of each specimen are enclosed within a pair of double quotation marks, and individual labels are separated by a slash. All writings are cited in their original spelling, punctuation and language. Original italic or capital is ignored. Notes and elaborations relating to label data are enclosed in square brackets (including the writer, translation, etc). Red labels have been added to holotypes, paratypes, lectotypes and paralecto- types. Full label data or, in most cases, only locality data are provided for other specimens. When transcribing the label data, “hw.” is short for “handwritten”, and ellipsis are used if the original writing were illegible and unable to be transcribed. Authors of the handwriting on determination labels are identified with the clues given by Horn and/or confirmed by present curators of correlative museums where the authors of those handwritings worked. Specimens marked with an asterisk are those whose male terminalia are figured in this paper.

Taxonomy

species-group

Brachycallimerus Chapin, 1924: 180, 190 (Type species:

Crassocallimerus Pic, 1929: 16 (Type species:

flavofasciatus -group

Diagnosis.

This species group is characteristic by its broad and compact body form. It differs from dulcis species-group (sensu Kolibáč 1998) and prasinatus species-group (sensu Kolibáč 1998) by pronotum wider than long (PL/PW < 1; Figs 4, 15, 17, 28, 30, 41, 44, 54); antenna short (AL/AD 1.0–1.2); antennomeres VII – XI or VIII – XI forming a more or less compact and oval club, width of antennomere VIII longer than or as long as its length (Figs 14, 27, 40, 53, 71); eyes large, posterior inner margins of eyes evidently convergent towards midline, EyD subequal to EyW (ratio 1.0–1.1) (Figs 4, 15, 17, 28, 30, 41, 44, 54); elytra without scales; integument with yellow and black coloration.

Figures 1–14.

Gorham, 1876. 1–3 lectotype of Gorham, 1876 (1 dorsal view 2 mirror image of right lateral view 3 labels) 4–6 lectotype of Schenkling, 1902 (4 dorsal view 5 lateral view 6 labels) 7–13 male terminalia, specimen from Philippines 7–9 tegmen (7 dorsal view 8 lateral view 9 ventral view 9a outline of ventral membranous region) 10 phallus 11 spicular fork 12 tergite VIII 13 sternite VIII 14 antenna, specimen from Yunnan.

Figures 15–27.

Gorham, 1892. 15–16 lectotype of Gorham, 1892 (15 dorsal view 16 labels) 17–19 Paralectotype of Gorham, 1892 from MNHN (17 dorsal view 18 lateral view 19 labels) 20–26 male terminalia, specimen from Yunnan 20–22 tegmen (20 dorsal view 21 lateral view 22 ventral view 22a outline of ventral membranous region) 23 phallus 24 spicular fork 25 tergite VIII 26 sternite VIII 27 antenna, specimen from Yunnan.

Figures 28–40.

Schenkling, 1899. 28–29 lectotype of Schenkling, 1899 (28 dorsal view 29 labels) 30–32 a specimen determined by Schenkling as (30 dorsal view 31 lateral view 32 labels) 33–39 male terminalia, specimen from Sumatra 33–35 tegmen (33 dorsal view 34 lateral view 35 ventral view 35a outline of ventral membranous region) 36 phallus 37 spicular fork 38 tergite VIII 39 sternite VIII 40 antennae, specimen from Yunnan.

Figures 41–53.

Gorham, 1883. 41–43 Lectotype of Gorham, 1883 (41 dorsal view 42 lateral view 43 labels) 44–45 Holotype of Kuwert, 1893 (44 dorsal view 45 labels) 46–52 male terminalia, specimen from Celebes 46–48 tegmen (46 dorsal view 47 lateral view 48 ventral view 48a outline of ventral membranous region) 49 phallus 50 spicular fork 51 tergite VIII 52 sternite VIII 53 antennae, specimen from Celebes.

It differs from coomani-group (sensu Kolibáč 1998) by claws with a basal tooth (Fig. 57) and metatibiae with a subapical projection on the outer edge (Fig. 58).

PageBreakIn the integumental coloration (yellow and black), Gorham, 1892 (Carin Hills, Chebà; Figs 79), Corporaal, 1949 (Sumatra’s East Coast; Fig. 81), Pic, 1955 (Fujian; Fig. 84, 85), Chapin, 1919 (Sandakan, North Borneo; Fig. 86, 87), and some species related to Pascoe, 1860 might be similar to members of the latifrons species-group. The differences between , and this species group are provided in the text below. is different from this species group in pronotum longer than wide. is different from this species group in claws without a basal tooth, subapical projection on outer edge of metatibia rudimental, pronotum longer than wide. Species related to differ from this species group in claws without a basal tooth.

Figures 84–87.

84–85 Holotype of Pic, 1955 deposited in NHRS, photographed by J. Bergsten (84 habitus 85 labels) 86–87 Holotype of terminalis Chapin, 1919 deposited in USNM (86 habitus 87 labels).

Description.

Size: length 7.5–11.7 mm, width 2.3–3.7 mm. Integumental color: yellow and black. Vestiture: body profusely vested with yellow pubescence; frons with dense white scales; thoracic pleuron sometimes with white scales. Head: including eyes wider than pronotum, vertex with sparse punctures. Labrum rectangular, apex straight or very slightly emarginated in the middle; mandibles stout; terminal segments of maxillary palpi digitiform, those of labial palpi elongate-triangular, both as long as their preceding segments. Eyes large, very slightly emarginated near antennal insertions, finely granulate; posterior inner margin of eyes evidently convergent towards midline, EyD subequal to EyW (ratio 1.0–1.1) (Figs 4, 15, 17, 28, 30, 41, 44, 54). Antenna short (AL/AD 1.0–1.2); antennomere I stout and bent, twice length as antennomere II; antennomere II globular; antennomere III longer than it is wide, slightly longer than antennomere II; antennomeres IV–X increasingly wider and shorter than their preceding segments, antennomeres VII or VIII to XI wider than or as long as their respective length, forming a more or less compact and oval club (Figs 14, 27, 40, 53, 71). Gula oblong, gular sutures parallel. Prothorax: wider than long (PL/PW 0.8–0.9), subapical impression of pronotum deep; pronotum constricted at base, evidently dilated before middle (Figs 4, 15, 17, 28, 30, 41, 44, 54); punctures on pronotum sparse and fine. Elytra: wider than head including eyes, EL/EW 1.7–2.3; sides parallel, sutural angle round, outer angle pointed (Fig. 70); punctures irregular and dense; without scales. Legs: tibiae without longitudinal ridge; metatibia with a subapical projection on outer edge (Fig. 58); tibial spur formula 0–1–1; tarsi formula 5–5–5, tarsomeres I–II evidently bilobed, III–IV more or less bilobed, V slender; tarsomere I of pro- and meso-tarsi as long as tarsomere II, meta-tarsomere I slightly longer than tarsomere II; tarsomere I–IV of all legs with evident pulvilli; claws with a basal tooth (Fig. 57). Abdomen: with six ventrites; male ventrite V–VI with posterior margin emarginated (Figs 13, 26, 39, 52, 65); female ventrite V with posterior margin straight, ventrite VI with posterior margin rounded. Male terminalia: tegmen tubular, sclerotized with three semi-transparent membranous regions: a pair of slit-like ones situated at dorsal-lateral sides (Figs 59–60, 66–67); the other one more or less cordiform, situated ventrally (Figs 60–61, 67–69). Outer margin of the ventral membranous region straight (Figs 9, 9a), slightly curved (Figs 22, 22a, 48, 48a, 61, 68, 69) or strongly curved (35, 35a); TML/TMW 0.9–1.3, TMaL/TML 0.2–0.6 (Figs 9, 9a, 22, 22a, 35, 35a, 48, 48a, 61, 68, 69). In some cases, an additional tiny membranous region presents at dorso-PageBreakcentral side of tegmen (Fig. 66). Parameres strongly sclerotized, apices divergent (Figs 7–9, 59–61) or convergent (Figs 20–22, 33–35, 46–48). Phallic plate sclerotized in midline (Figs 10, 36, 49). Spicular fork: SApL/SFL about 0.3 (Figs 11, 24, 37, 50, 63).

Distribution.

Southeast Asia (Fig. 72).

Figures 72.

Distribution map of , latifrons species-group.

Discussion.

This species group is probably advanced groups within s. l., as Kolibáč (1998) suggested; but its sister group cannot be determined with certainty until the intra-taxonomy of the dulcis species-group (sensu Kolibáč 1998) has been resolved, which nearly contains two-thirds of species of this genus.

Gorham, 1876

http://species-id.net/wiki/Callimerus_latifrons

Figs 1–14 72

latifrons Gorham, 1876: 67 (

flavofasciatus Schenkling, 1902: 320 (

Type material examined.

Lectotype of Gorham designated here: “Phill. Isles / Callimerus latifrons Gorham [hw. by Gorham] / ♂ / Gorham Type / Museum Paris, Coll. H.S. Gorham 1911 / Lectotype: Callimerus latifrons Gorham, 1876 ♂, des. Yang G. Y., 2011” (MNHN, ♂; Figs 1–3); Lectotype of Schenkling designated here: “327–62 / Museum Paris; Siam; Bocourt 327-62 / Callimerus flavofasciatus Schklg. Type! [hw. by Schenkling] / Type / ♂ / Type / Lectotype ♂: Callimerus flavofasciatus Schenkling, 1902, des. Yang G. Y., 2011” (MNHN, ♂; Figs 4–6).

Note on Type material.

The name-bearing types of latifrons and flavofasciatus were not fixed in the original publications, so lectotypes of both species are designated here to express the taxonomic purpose of fixing the name to a single specimen and preventing further uncertainty regarding the taxon to which the names are applied. Only one specimen of each species was found in related museums.

Comment on synonymy.

Gorham (1876: 67) described from Philippines as “Nigro-piceus, …, elytrorum fasciâ basali, maculâque pone medium reniformi pallide testaceis” (with “a basal fascia (widest in centre) and two kidney-shaped spots, almost touching suture, yellow”). Schenkling (1902: 320) published from Thailand, and stated that it differed from by having an additional yellow spot at apex of elytron. Chapin (1924: 190) synonymized with and argued, having such a yellow spot at apex of elytron because all the Philippines specimens he examined having that (he also stated such a spot was mentioned in Gorham’s original description, which is not true though). Corporaal (1939: 193) found a specimen from Laos lacking a yellow spot at apex of elytron, which agrees well with Gorham’s description; so he regarded the specimen as a representative of the typical form of , and treated flavofasciatus as a variety of for having an additional yellow spot at elytral apex. Corporaal (1948: 287) re-treated as a distinct species for presence of such a spot. However, after we located it from MNHN, we found that the type of actually having a yellow spot at apex of elytron, which was simply not mentioned in the original description. We compared the external morphology and male genital characters of type specimensof and and found no significant differences; therefore, we PageBreaksynonymize with . In addition, the specimen from Laos mentioned in Corporaal (1939: 193; 1948: 287) lacking the additional yellow spot is conspecific with ; it is only the color variation of this species, as posterior black bands of elytra reach to the extreme apex and thus the apical yellow spot missing.

can be rapidly distinguished from other species of this species group by its entirely black pronotum (Figs 1, 2).

There are 3 other species of this species group with two black spots on each elytron: , and . In addition to the difference in pronotal PageBreakcoloration, can be differentiated from these three species by: (1) EL/EW about 2.2 (in other 3 species 1.7–1.8); (2) anterior black spot of elytron spanning from elytral outer margin to suture, thus forming a complete black band across elytra (Fig. 1); (3) apices of paramere divergent (Fig. 7–9).

Size:length 7.5–8.9 mm, width 2.3–2.8 mm. Color: Head black, clypeus, labrum, palpi and antennae yellow; pronotum black; elytron yellow with two black spots, anterior spot just before middle, posterior spot near apex or at apex, both spots spanning from elytral outer margin to suture, thus forming two complete black bands across elytra; legs yellow with metacoxae black; prosternum black; mesepisternum black, mesepimeron yellow, mesosternum black with anterior and posterior areas more or less yellowish; metepisternum, metasternum and katepisternum black; abdominal ventrites I–III of male yellow, IV–VI black; abdominal ventrites I–V of female yellow, VI black. Vestiture: meso- and meta- pleuron more or less with thin white scales. Head: AL/AD about 1.0; EyD/EyWabout 1.0. Prothorax: PL/PW about 0.9. Elytra: EL/EW about 2.2. Male terminalia: apices of paramere divergent (Figs 7–9); TML/TMW about 1.2, TMaL/TML about 0.4, outer margin of ventral membranous region straight (Figs 9, 9a); SApL/SFL about 0.3 (Fig. 11); tergite VIII with posterior margin rounded and slightly pointed (Fig. 12); sternite VIII with posterior margin roundly concave (Fig. 13).

Variation. The posterior black spot on elytron in most cases doesn’t reach to the extreme apex and thus a small region of elytron extreme apex is yellow. But in a few specimens the black spot reach to the extreme apex, so the yellow portion is missing. These two color forms could be found in the same locality (Yunnan, China for instance) and they are not correlated with sex.

Other material examined. China: Yunnan: Xishuangbanna Damenglong, 650 m, 1958.IV.9, WANG Shuyong, IOZ(E)1126312 (IZAS, 1♂); same data but 1958.V.5, PU Fuji, IOZ(E)1126311 (IZAS, 1♀); Xishuangbanna, Yunjinghong, 650 m, 1959.V.5, ZHANG Xuezhong, IOZ(E)1126310 (IZAS, 1♂); Xishuangbanna, Mengla, 620–650 m, 1959.V.13, PU Fuji, IOZ(E)1126319 (IZAS, 1♀); Xishuangbanna, Xiaomengyang, 850 m, 1958.VIII.18, ZHANG Yiran, IOZ(E)1126309 (IZAS, 1♀); same data but 1957.VI.10, WANG Shuyong, IOZ(E)1126306 (IZAS, 1♂); Jinping, Mengla, 420 m, 1956.IV.19, HUANG Keren et. al., IOZ(E)1126283 (IZAS, 1♀); Jinping, Mengla, 420 m, 1956.IV.27, HUANG Keren et. al., IOZ(E)1126284 (IZAS, 1♂); Jinping, Mengla, 370 m, 1956.IV.12, HUANG Keren et. al., IOZ(E)1126287 (IZAS, 1♂); Vietnam: Tonkin, Backan; Lemée, 1908; Musum Paris 1952, Coll. R. Oberthür (MNHN, 1♀); Thailand: nr. Chiangdao cave, 800 m, N. Thailand, 19-IV-1983, T. Shimomura leg. (MNHN, 1♀); Philippines: “L. Laglaize 1879; Dumalon Zamboanga; Mindanao / Callimerus latifrons Gorh., det. Corporaal 1923 / Musum Paris 1952, Coll. R. Oberthür / ♂” (MNHN, 1♂)*; Malaysia: “Doherty / Perak / Fry Coll. 1905. 100 / C. latifrons G. [hw. by Gorham] / Callimerus latifrons Gorham, Gorham det. [hw. by Gahan]” (NHML, 1♀); Indonesia: “J.B. Corporaal; Sumatra’s O. K. Medan, 24.12.1917; 20 M / Musum Paris 1952, Coll. R. Oberthür / ♂” (MNHN, 1♂); “J.B. Corporaal; Sumatra’s O. K. Medan, 24.12.1917; 20 M / CalPageBreaklimerus flavofasciatus Schenkling; Corporaal det. 1923 / Musum Paris 1952, Coll. R. Oberthür / ♂” (MNHN, 1♂); “J.B. Corporaal; Sumatra’s O. K. Medan, 24.12.1917; 20 M / Callimerus flavofasciatus Schl. / [...] / [...] / Corporaal det. 1923 / Musum Paris 1952, Coll. R. Oberthür / ♀” (MNHN, 1♀); “J.B. Corporaal; Sumatra’s O. K. Pagar Marbau, 15 / 12.’18; 24 M / J.B. Corporaal det. 1922: Callimerus flavofasciatus Schl. / Musum Paris 1952, Coll. R. Oberthür / ♂” (MNHN, 1♂); “J.B. Corporaal; Sumatra’s O. K. Pagar Marbau, 15 / 12.’18; 24 M / B. flavofasciatus Schl. / Musum Paris, Coll. M. Pic / ♂” (MNHN, 1♂); “J.B. Corporaal; Sumatra’s O. K. Medan, 1.11.[19]21; 20 M / J.B. Corporaal det. 1922: Callimerus flavofasciatus Schl. / Musum Paris 1952, Coll. R. Oberthür / ♂” (MNHN, 1♂); “J.B. Corporaal; Sumatra’s O. K. Medan, 6.1921; 20 M / 1938 J.B. Corporaal det: Brachycallimerus latifrons Gorh. var. flavofasciatus Schenkl. / Musum Paris 1939, Corporaal / ♂” (MNHN, 1♂); “J.B. Corporaal; Sumatra’s O. K. Medan, 22.1.[19]21; 20 M / 1938 J.B. Corporaal det: Brachycallimerus latifrons Gorh. var. flavofasciatus Schenkl. / Musum Paris, Coll. M. Pic / ♂” (MNHN, 1♂); “J.B. Corporaal; Sumatra’s O. K. Pagar Marbau, 15 / 12.’18; 24 M / Musum Paris 1952, Coll. R. Oberthür / ♀” (MNHN, 1♀); “J.B. Corporaal; Sumatra’s O. K. Pagar Marbau, 15 / 12.’18[1918]; 24 M / [...1] / Brachycallimerus flavofasciatus Schl. / Musum Paris, Coll. M. Pic / ♀” (MNHN, 1♀); “Sumatra, Si-Rambe, XII.90-III.91, E. Modigliani / 1941 Corporaal det. Brachycallimerus latifrons Gorh. var. flavofasciatus Schenkling” (MCSN, 1♀); “59192 / Doherty / Borneo, Pengaron / Fry Coll. 1905. 100 / C. latifrons G. [hw. by Gorham] / Callimerus latifrons Gorham, Borneo, Perak” (NHML, 1♀).

Distribution

(Fig. 72). China (Yunnan), Vietnam, Thailand, Philippines (Mindanao), Malaysia, Indonesia (Sumatra, Borneo).

Gorham, 1892

http://species-id.net/wiki/Callimerus_latesignatus

Figs 15–27 72

latesignatus Gorham, 1892: 728 (

Lectotype of Gorham designated here:“Carin Chebà, 900–1000 m; L. Fea, V XII-88 / Typus / latesignatus Gorh. [hw. by Raffaello Gestro]/ Lectotype: Callimerus latesignatus Gorham, 1892, des. Yang G. Y., 2011” (MCSN, sex unknown; Figs 15–16); Paralectotypes of Gorham: “Carin Chebà, 900–1000 m; L. Fea, V XII-88 / Callim. late-signatus Gorh. typus! [hw. by Raffaello Gestro] / Type / Museo Civ. Genova / Museum Paris, Coll. H.S. Gorham, 1911 / Paralectotype ♀, Callimerus latesignatus Gorham, 1892, des. Yang G. Y., 2011” (MNHN, 1♀; Figs 17–19); “Doherty / Assam, Nagas / Fry Coll. 1905. 100. / C. latesignatus Gorh. [hw. by Gorham] / Callimerus latesignatus Gorham; Gorham det. [hw. by Gahan]” (NHML, 1 ex., sex unknown); “62022 / DoPageBreakherty / Assam, Nagas / Fry Coll. 1905. 100. / Callimerus latesignatus Gorh., Assam, Type [“Type” with strikethrough; hw. by Frey]” (NHML, 1 ex., sex unknown).

The name-bearing type of was not fixed in the original publication so the lectotype is designated here to express the taxonomic purpose of fixing the name to a single specimen and preventing further uncertainty regardPageBreaking the taxon to which the name is applied. The specimen deposited in MCSN is chosen as the lectotype because the type series were originally from that museum’s expedition.

is most similar to and . It differs from by: (1) pronotum with major area yellow, only with a small transverse black patch on anterior margin (Fig. 15), in few cases such patch absent (Fig. 17) (pronotum totally black in ); (2) mesepisternum yellow (black in ); (3) anterior black spot of elytron not exactly extended to suture, thus forming a incomplete black band across elytra interrupted at suture (Figs 15, 17, 18) (anterior black spot of elytron extended to suture in , thus forming a complete black band across elytra; Figs 1, 2); (4) EL/EW about 1.7 ( with EL/EW about 2.2); (5) apices of paramere convergent (Figs 20–22) ( with apices of paramere divergent; Figs 7–9); (6) outer margin of ventral membranous region of tegmen slightly curved, TMaL/TML about 0.6 (Figs 22, 22a) ( with outer margin of ventral membranous region of tegmen straight, TMaL/TML about 0.4; Figs 9, 9a).

differs from by: (1) head black ( with head yellow); (2) pronotum with major area yellow, only with a small transverse black patch on anterior margin (Fig. 15), in few cases such patch absent (Fig. 17)( with pronotum always totally yellow); (3) mesepisternum yellow (black in ); (4) anterior spot of elytron spanning from elytral outer margin to nearly suture (Figs 15, 17, 18) ( with anterior spot of elytron clearly neither reaching outer margin nor suture, such spot smaller; Figs 28, 30, 31); (5) outer margin of ventral membranous region of tegmen slightly curved, TMaL/TML about 0.6 (Figs 22, 22a) ( with outer margin of ventral membranous region of tegmen strongly curved; TMaL/TML about 0.3; Figs 35, 35a); (6) tergite VIII with posterior margin almost straight (Fig. 25) (tergite VIII of with posterior margin notched in the middle; Fig. 38).

Size:length 8.2–10.5 mm, width 2.8–3.8 mm. Color: Head black, clypeus, labrum, palpi and antennae yellow; pronotum with major area yellow, only with a small transverse black patch on anterior margin (Fig. 15), in a few cases such patch absent (Fig. 17); elytron yellow with two black spots, anterior spot just before middle, posterior spot near apex, both spots spanning from elytral outer margin almost to suture, thus forming two incomplete bands across elytra interrupted at the suture; legs yellow with metacoxae mostly black; prosternum, mesepisternum, mesepimeron and mesosternum yellow; metepisternum, metasternum and katepisternum black; abdominal ventrites usually yellow, in a few cases terminal ventrite darker. Head: AL/AD about 1.0; EyD/EyWabout 1.0. Prothorax: PL/PW about 0.8. Elytra: EL/EW about 1.7. Male terminalia: apices of parameres convergent (Figs 20–22); TML/TMW about 0.9, TMaL/TML about 0.6, outer margin of ventral membranous region slightly curved (Figs 22, 22a); SApL/SFL about 0.3 (Fig. 24); tergite VIII with posterior margin almost straight (Fig. 25); sternite VIII with posterior margin shallowly triangularly concave (Fig. 26).

Variation. The pronotum of most specimens is yellow with a small transverse black patch on anterior margin, but two females examined don’t have such a patch and thus the pronotum is totally yellow (one of which is the paralectotype in MNHN).

Other material examined.

China: Guangxi: Daqingshan, Hengle, light trap, 1983.V.7, LIAO Subai (IZAS, 1♀); Pingxiang, YANG Jikun, 1963.V.10 (CAU, 3 ex.); same data but 1963.V.12 (CAU, 1 ex.); Yunnan: Mangshi, 900 m, 1955.V.16, Bustshik, IOZ(E)1126291 (IZAS, 1♂)*; Mangshi, 900 m, 1955.V.16, Kryzhanovskij, IOZ(E)1126292 (IZAS, 1♂); Mangshi, 900 m, 1955.V.16, Kryzhanovskij, IOZ(E)1126293 (IZAS, 1♀); Mangshi, 920 m, 1958.IX.1, LI Chuanlong, IOZ(E)1126325 (IZAS, 1♀); Gengma, 1955.V.2, HUANG Tianrong, IOZ(E)1126295 (IZAS, 1♀); eshan, 80.8, IOZ(E)1126959 (IZAS, 1♀); Baoshan, Diyidaoban, 1200 m, 1955.V.28, OU Bingrong, IOZ(E)1126305 (IZAS, 1♂); Baoshan to Yongping, 1955.V.28, B. Popov, IOZ(E)1126297 (IZAS, 1♀); Jingdong, Waidaba, 1250 m, 1956.V.26, YANG Xingchi, IOZ(E)1126289 (IZAS, 1♀); Jingdong, 1170 m, 1956.V.22, B. Popov, IOZ(E)1126300 (IZAS, 1♂); Jingdong, 1170 m, 1956.V.23, Kryzhanovskij, IOZ(E)1126301 (IZAS, 1♀); Jingdong, 1170 m, 1956.V.26, Kryzhanovskij, IOZ(E)1126302 (IZAS, 1 ex.); Jingdong,, 1200 m, 1955.IV.27, Kryzhanovskij, IOZ(E)1126303 (IZAS, 1 ex.); Jinping, Mengla, 420 m, 1956.IV.19, HUANG Keren et. al., IOZ(E)1126282 (IZAS, 1 ex.); Jinping, Mengla, 400 m, 1956.IV.27, HUANG Keren et. al., IOZ(E)1126285; IOZ(E)1126286 (IZAS, 2 ex.); Jinping, Mengla, 370 m, 1956.IV.22, HUANG Keren et. al., IOZ(E)1126288 (IZAS, 1 ex.); Cheli, Shihuiyao, 750 m, 1957.IV.27, D. Panfilov, IOZ(E)1126296 (IZAS, 1 ex.); Damenglong, 640 m, 1957.IV.28, WANG Shuyong, IOZ(E)1126304 (IZAS, 1 ex.); Xishuangbanna, Xiaomengyang, 850 m, 1957.VI.25, ZANG Lingchao, IOZ(E)1126307 (IZAS, 1 ex.); same data but 1957.III.28, ZANG Lingchao, IOZ(E)1126294 (IZAS, 1 ex.); same data but 1958.IX.7, ZHANG Yiran, IOZ(E)1126308 (IZAS, 1 ex.); same data but 1957.IV.2, WANG Shuyong, IOZ(E)1126290 (IZAS, 1 ex.); same data but 1000 m, 1957.V.6, ZANG Lingchao, IOZ(E)1126298 (IZAS, 1 ex.); Xishuangbanna, Meng’a, 1050–1080 m, 1958.V.16, IOZ(E)1126323 (IZAS, 1 ex.); same data but 1958.V.25, PU Fuji, IOZ(E)1126314 (IZAS, 1 ex.); same data but 1958.V.12, IOZ(E)1126324 (IZAS, 1 ex.); same data but 1050 m, 1958.V.20 IOZ(E)1126313 (IZAS, 1 ex.); Xishuangbanna, Mengzhe, 870 m, 1958.VII.7, PU Fuji, IOZ(E)1126315 (IZAS, 1 ex.); Xishuangbanna, Mengzhe, 870 m, 1958.IX.3, WANG Shuyong, IOZ(E)1126316 (IZAS, 1 ex.); Xishuangbanna, Mengla, 620–650 m, 1959.V.13, ZHANG Facai, IOZ(E)1126317 (IZAS, 1 ex.); same data but 1959.V.2, ZHANG Yiran, IOZ(E)1126318 (IZAS, 1 ex.); same data but 1959.VI.6, PU Fuji, IOZ(E)1126320 (IZAS, 1 ex.); same data but 1959.VI.6, ZHANG Yiran, IOZ(E)1126321 (IZAS, 1 ex.); same data but 1959.V.3, ZHANG Yiran, IOZ(E)1126322 (IZAS, 1 ex.); Hekou, Nanxi, Huayudong, 150 m, 2010.IV.27, ZHU Xiaoyu leg., under surface of leaves of Ficus (CCCC, 4 ex.); Honghe, Hekou, Nanxi, 150 m, 2009.V.21, LI Hu leg. (CAU, 1♀); Vietnam: “Museum Paris; Tonkin sept., Montagnes du Haut Song-Chai, Rabier 1895 / Museum Paris; Mes du Ht Song-Chai; Rabier 258-95 / Callimerus latesignatus Gorh., Schenkling vid. 1901” (MNHN, 1♂); “Museum Paris; Tonkin; Langue 1887 / Callimerus latesignatus Gorh., Schenkling vid 1901 / Compare au British Museum; P. Lesne 1907 / Callimerus latesignatus Gorh., P. Lesne vid.” (MNHN, 1♂); Tonkin occ., Env. de Hoa-Binh, R.P A. de Cooman 1919 (MNHN, 4 ex.); Tonkin, P. Lemée, 1903–PageBreak1906 (MNHN, 3 ex.); Laos: Louang-Prabang, A Theng; A. Pavie 1888 (MNHN, 1 ex.); Laos (MNHN, 1 ex.); “Laos-NE, Xieng Khouang prov., 19°38'N, 103°20'E-19°37'N, 103°21'E, 30km NE Phonsavan: Ban Na Lam→Phou Sane Mt., 1300–1700 m, 10.-30.v.2009, M. Geiser leg. / NHMB Basel, NMPC Prague, Laos 2009 Expedition: M. Brancucci, M. Geiser, Z. Kraus, D. Hauck, V. Kuban” (NHMB, 1 ex.); “Laos-NE, Xieng Khouang prov.,~19°37–8'N 103°20'E, Phonsavan (30 km NE): Phou Sane Mt., ~1400–1500 m, 10.-30.v.2009, Z. Kraus leg. / NHMB Basel, NMPC Prague, Laos 2009 Expedition: M. Brancucci, M. Geiser, Z. Kraus, D. Hauck, V. Kuban” (NHMB, 1 ex.); Thailand: Siam, Lot 319, 3300 feet, 21 Jun 1936 (MNHN, 1 ex.); “Doi Suthep, 1100 m, Chiang Mai, N. Thailand, 15-IV-1983, T. Shimomura leg.” (MNHN, 1 ex.); “Mt. Doi Pui, 1400–1500 m, Chiang Mai, N. Thailand, 28-IV-1983, T. Shimomura leg.” (MNHN, 1 ex.); India: “Village 9th mile, nt. Rani Pul, 24.4 / Sikkim 77, Bhakta B.” (NHMB, 2 ex.); Khasia Hills, VI. 96 (MNHN, 1 ex.); “Mali 900 m, 28.4.1981 / Sikkim, Bhakta B.” (NHMB, 1 ex.); “Tista, 18.IV.1987 / Indien, Darjeeling D., Bhakta B.” (NHMB, 1 ex.); “Pudung, 24–25.V.87 / Indien, Darjeeling D., Bhakta B.” (NHMB, 1 ex.); “Pudung, 18.IV.1990 / Indien, Darjeeling D., Ch. J. Rai” (NHMB, 1 ex.); “Alghera, 2900 m, 25.IV.1982 / Darjeeling D., Ch. J. Rai” (NHMB, 1 ex.); “Umg. Kalimpong, Darjeeling Distr., 4.4.77” (NHMB, 1 ex.); “Kalimpong, Umg, Bhakta Bahadur, 10.5.77” (NHMB, 3 ex.); “Kalimpong 850 m, Nashay, 16.IV.1984 / Indien, Darjeeling D., Ch. J. Rai” (NHMB, 1 ex.); “Pudung, 24–25.V.87 / Indien, Darjeeling D., Bhakta B.” (NHMB, 1 ex.); Bhutan: British Bootang, L. Durel, 1899 (MNHN, 2 ex.); British Bootang, Maria Basti, 1900 (MNHN, 1 ex.); British Bootang, Maria Basti, 1899 (MNHN, 1 ex.); British Bootang, Padong, L. Durel 1913 (MNHN, 1 ex.); Pedong, A. Desgodins (MNHN, 2 ex.).

(Fig. 72). China (Guangxi, Yunnan), Vietnam, Laos, Thailand, Myanmar, India, Bhutan.

Schenkling, 1899b

http://species-id.net/wiki/Callimerus_pectoralis

Figs 28–40 72

pectoralis Schenkling, 1899b: 335 (

Lectotype of Schenkling designated here: “Sumatra / Padang, 1890, E. Modigliani / Teste Schenkling / C. quadripunctatus Schklg, Sumatra, E. Modigliani, 6478 [hw. by Raffaello Gestro]/ Lectotype ♀: Callimerus pectoralis Schenkling, 1899, des. Yang G. Y, 2011” (MCSN, ♀; Figs 28–29).

The lectotype is one of the specimens sent to S. Schenkling for study from MCSN, with a label “quadripunctatus Schklg” handwritten by R. Gestro, the former curator of MCSN. The name “quadripunctatus Schklg” has never been published, however, the locality and morphological characters of this specimen perfectly accord with the original publication of . On the other hand, a PageBreakspecimen found in Coll. M. Pic from MNHN (locality Medan, Sumatra) determined as by Schenkling himself is conspecific with the specimen labeled “quadripunctatus Schklg” (Figs 30–32). In this case, it is assumed that “quadripunctatus” was the first name that came to Schenkling’s mind and written down in the identification list that sent to MCSN, but later Schenkling changed his mind and published the species with another name “pectoralis”. Regardless of the details, the specimen found in MCSN undoubtedly belongs to the type series and we therefore designated it as the lectotype of Schenkling here for the taxonomic purpose of fixing PageBreakthe name to a single specimen and preventing further uncertainty regarding the taxon to which the name is applied.

This species is most similar to and . However, it differs from by: (1) mesepisternum yellow (black in ); (2) posterior spot on elytron located vertical-apically, rounded rectangle, length to width ratio about 1.5:1 (Fig. 28)( with posterior spot on elytron located lateral-apically, bar-shaped, length to width ratio about 4:1; Fig. 41); (3) anterior spot on elytron of larger than that of , in short diameter of anterior spot on elytron in most cases larger than distance between that spot and elytral suture (Fig. 28, 30) ( short diameter of anterior spot on elytron in most cases not larger than distance between that spot and elytral suture; Fig. 41, 44); (4) outer margin of ventral membranous region of tegmen strongly curved, TML/TMW about 0.9, TMaL/TML about 0.3 (Figs 35, 35a) ( with outer margin of ventral membranous region of tegmen slightly curved, TML/TMW about 1.3, TMaL/TML about 0.2; Figs 48, 48a); (5) tergite VIII with posterior margin rounded, slightly notched in middle (Fig. 38) ( with tergite VIII with posterior margin almost straight; Fig. 51).

The difference between this species and is provided in the diagnosis section under .

Size:length 7.5–8.8 mm, width 2.8–3.3 mm. Color: Head yellow, mandibles black; pronotum yellow. Elytron yellow with two spots, anterior spot at basal one fourth, posterior spot at vertical-apex; anterior spot rounded rectangle, neither reaching outer margin nor suture, short diameter of anterior spot on elytron in most cases greater than distance between that spot and elytral suture (Fig. 28, 30); posterior spot rounded rectangle, length to width ratio about 1.5:1 (Fig. 28, 30). Legs yellow with metacoxae mostly black. Prosternum, mesepisternum, mesepimeron and mesosternum yellow; metepisternum, metasternum and katepisternum black; abdominal ventrites yellow. Head: AL/AD about 1.0; EyD/EyW about 1.0. Prothorax: PL/PW about 0.8. Elytra: EL/EW about 1.7. Male terminalia: apices of parameres convergent (Figs 33–35); TML/TMW about 0.9; TMaL/TML about 0.3, outer margin of ventral membranous region strongly curved (Figs 35, 35a); SApL/SFL about 0.3 (Fig. 37); tergite VIII with posterior margin rounded, slightly notched in middle (Fig. 38); sternite VIII with posterior margin roundly concave (Fig. 39).

China: Yunnan: Xishuangbanna, Damenglong, 650 m, 1958.IX.17, PU Fuji leg., IOZ (E)1126329 (IZAS, 1♂); Malaysia: Perak, Doherty (MNHN, 1 ex.; NHML, 5 ex.); Malacca, Perak, W. Doherty (MNHN, 1 ex.); Perak, Malacca (Doherty) (MNHN, 1 ex.); “Penang / Bowring 63.47* / Callimerus pectoralis Scklg, S. Schenkling det.” (NHML, 2); “Penang / Ex. A. R. Wallace, Private collection, Purchased 1860–70, Ox. Uni. Mus. of Nat. Hist. (OUMNH)” (OUM, 4 ex.); Kuching, Sarawak, G.E. Bryant, 28.XI.13 (NHML, 1 ex.); Indonesia: J.B. Corporaal; Sumatra’s O. K., Medan, 1.11.20, 20 M (MNHN, 1♂)*; same data but 20.2.18 (MNHN, 1 ex.); same data but 8.2.21 (MNHN, 1 ex.); same data but 9.8.1921 (MNHN, 3 ex.); same data but 11.8.1921 (MNHN, 1); same data but 18.8.1921 (MNHN, 1 ex.); same data but 10.9.1921 (MNHN, 1 ex.); “Corporaal, Medan, 30.10.17 / Corporaal PageBreakcomment / Museum Paris, Coll. M. Pic / Callimerus pectoralis Schklg [hw. by Schenkling]” (MNHN, 1♂); Sumatra, Padang Sidempoean, XII.1902-I.1903 (MNHN, 2 ex.); “Dolok Merangir, 18.VII-9.X.1980 / Sumatra, Dr. E. Diehl” (NHMB, 2 ex.); “42618 / Borneo, Labuan / Fry Coll. 1905. 100 / C. rusticus G. [hw. by Gorham] / Callimerus rusticus Gorham, det. Borneo, Perak [hw. by Fry]” (NHML, 1 ex.); Sud Borneo, Goenong Pandjang, Tanggarang, M. E.Walsh, VI.1937 (MNHN, 1 ex.).

(Fig. 72). China (Yunnan), Malaysia, Indonesia (Sumatra, Borneo).

Gorham, 1883

http://species-id.net/wiki/Callimerus_rusticus

Figs 41–53 72

rusticus Gorham, 1883: 252 (

bipunctatus Kuwert, 1893: 485 (

Lectotype of Gorham designated here: “Celebes / Callimerus rusticus, Gorh. / Gorham Type / Museum Paris, Coll. H. S. Gorham, 1911/ Lectotype ♂: Callimerus rusticus Gorham, 1883, des. Yang G. Y., 2011” (MNHN, ♂; Figs 41–43); Paralectotype of: “Rosenb., Sangir / Callimerus rusticus Gorham / Type ♀ / Type / rusticus Gorh. n. sp.” (RMNH, 1♀); Holotype of Kuwert: “S. Celebes, Aug.-Sept. ‘91, W. Doherty / Ex-Musaeo, W. Rothschild, 1899 / Museum Paris, 1952, Coll. R. Oberthür / Lemidia bipunctata Kuw. Type / Holotype: Lemidia bipunctata Kuwert, 1893, ♂, det. Yang G. Y., 2011” (MNHN, ♂; Figs 44–45).

The original description of Gorham mentioned two specimens, but the name-bearing type was not fixed. We found both syntypes in MNHN and RMNH respectively, and designate the male from Coll. Gorham in MNHN as lectotype here to express the taxonomic purpose of fixing the name to a single specimen and preventing further uncertainty regarding the taxon to which the name is applied.

The original publication of Kuwert noted that only one specimen was examined, so the holotype was originally fixed by monotypy.

This species can be rapidly distinguished from other species of the latifrons species-group by posterior spot on elytron being located lateral-apically, bar-shaped, with a length to width ratio of about 4:1 (Fig. 41).

This species is most similar to ; the difference between them is provided in the diagnosis section under .

Size:length 7.5–9.5 mm, width 2.4–3.0 mm. Color: Head yellow, mandibles black; pronotum yellow. Elytron yellow with two spots, anterior spot at basal fourth, posterior spot at lateral-apex; anterior spot round and small, clearly neither reaching outer margin nor suture, short diameter of anterior spot on elytron in most cases not greater PageBreakthan distance between that spot and elytral suture (Fig. 41, 44); posterior spot bar-shaped, length to width ratio about 4:1 (Fig. 41). Legs yellow with metacoxae mostly black. Prosternum yellow; mesepisternum black, mesepimeron and mesosternum yellow; metepisternum, metasternum and katepisternum black; abdominal ventrites yellow. Head: AL/AD about 1.0; EyD/EyW about 1.0. Prothorax: PL/PW about 0.8. Elytra: EL/EW about 1.8. Male terminalia: apices of parameres convergent (Figs 46–48); TML/TMW about 1.3; TMaL/TML about 0.22, outer margin of ventral membranous region slightly curved (Figs 48, 48a); SApL/SFL about 0.3 (Fig. 50); tergite VIII with posterior margin almost straight, sternite VIII with posterior margin shallowly concave (Figs 51, 52).

Ost-Celebes, Tombugu, H. Kühn 1885 (MNHN, 1♂)*; Ost-Celebes, Tombugu, H. Kühn 1885 (MNHN, 1 ex.); W. Celebes, G. Rangkoenau, J.P. Ch. Kalis, 900’ 1937 (MNHN, 1 ex.); Celebes, Menado (MNHN, 1♀); “Celebes, G. Heinrich, B. M. 1933-117 / Celebes, Latimodjonggeb. Uru, 800 m,Aug / Sept.1930, G. Heinrich / Brachycallimerus pectoralis (Schenkling), det. G. Ekis, 1985” (NHML, 1 ex.); “Drs. Sarasin, S. Celebes, Makassar / Callimerus rusticus Gorh., Determ K. M. Heller” (NHMB, 8 ex.); “Men [Sulawesi, Manado] / Ex. A. R. Wallace, Private collection, Purchased 1860–70, Ox. Uni. Mus. of Nat. Hist. (OUMNH)” (OUM, 1 ex.).

(Fig. 72). Indonesia (Sulawesi).

G.Y. Yang & X.K. Yang sp. n.

urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:4F0856EE-E6E2-473C-86D7-05B84D1143F4

http://species-id.net/wiki/Callimerus_cacuminis

Figs 54 72

Holotype.

China: “云南西双版纳勐啊, 1050–1080公尺；中国科学院 [Yunnan,Xishuang- banna, Meng’a, 1050–1080 m] / 1958.V.25, 采集者: 蒲富基 [PU Fuji leg.] / IOZ(E)1126330 / Holotype: Callimerus cacuminis Yang & Yang sp. nov. ♂, Des. Yang G. Y., 2011” (IZAS, ♂; Figs 54–56)*; Paratypes (6 ex). China: same data as holotype, but 1958.VIII.17, IOZ(E)1126331 (IZAS, 1♀); same data but 1958.V.23, ZHANG Yiran leg., IOZ(E)1126332 (IZAS, 1♂); Yunnan, Xishuangbanna, Mengla, 620–650 m, 1959.V.30, ZHANG Yiran leg., IOZ(E)1126996 (IZAS, 1♂); Yunnan, Menglongbanna, Mengsong, 1600 m, 1958.VIII.8, WANG Shuyong leg., IOZ(E)1126333 (IZAS, 1♀); Laos: “Laos-NE, Xieng Khouang prov., 19°38'N, 103°20'E-19°37'N, 103°21'E, 30km NE Phonsavan: Ban Na Lam→Phou Sane Mt., 1300–1500 m, 10. –30.v.2009, M. Brancucci leg./NHMB Basel, NMPC Prague, Laos 2009 Expedition: M. Brancucci, M. Geiser, Z. Kraus, D. Hauck, V. Kuban” (NHMB, 1♀); “Laos-NE, Xieng Khouang prov.,~19°37–8'N 103°20'E, Phonsavan (30 km NE): Phou Sane Mt., ~1400–1500 m, 10.-30.v.2009, Z. Kraus leg./NHMB Basel, NMPC Prague, Laos 2009 Expedition: M. Brancucci, M. Geiser, Z. Kraus, D. Hauck, V. Kuban” (NHMB, 1♀).

The new species can be rapidly distinguished from other species of the latifrons species-group by: elytron with only one black spot at apex, lacking anterior spot; metasternum and metepisternum yellow; apices of parameres sharply attenuate, then divergent.

The coloration of this new species is similar to that of Gorham and Corporaal, which are excluded from the latifrons species-group in the present paper. The new species, however, differs from by EL/EW 2.27–2.34, PL/PW about 0.9, EyD/EyW about 1.1 (Fig. 54) (EL/EW about 3.1, PL/PW about 1.2, EyD/EyW about 1.9 in ; Fig. 79).

The new species differs from by: PL/PW about 0.9, EyD/EyWabout 1.1, elytra parallel-sided, without scales, apical black spot on elytron with anterior borPageBreakPageBreakder straight (Fig. 54) ( with PL/PW about 1.1, EyD/EyW about 2.4, elytra slightly rounded at posterior sides, elytra apex with white scales, apical black spot with anterior border sinuate (Figs 81, 82)).

Size:length 9.9–11.7 mm, width 2.9–3.7 mm. Color: Head yellow, mandibles black; pronotum yellow; elytron yellow with a black spot at apex; legs yellow; under surface totally yellow except for last two ventrites of male abdomen and part of last ventrite of female abdomen darker. Head: AL/AD about 1.2 (Fig. 71); EyD/EyW about 1.1 (Fig. 71). Prothorax: PL/PW about 0.9. Elytra: EL/EW about 2.27–2.34. Male terminalia: apices of parameres sharply attenuate, slender and divergent (Figs 59–61, 66–68); TML/TMW about 1.1, TMaL/TML about 0.54, outer margin of ventral membranous region of tegmen curved (Figs 61, 68, 69); tegmen with an additional tiny membranous region at dorsal-central side (Fig. 66); SApL/SFL about 0.31 (Fig. 63); tergite VIII with posterior margin pointed, notched in middle (Fig. 64), sternite VIII with posterior margin deeply concave (Fig 65).

Variation.

In the holotype and a paratype (No. IOZ(E)1126332), the black spot on elytron reach to the extreme apex; in the other paratypes, the black spot does not reach to the extreme apex so that a tiny region in extreme apex is yellow.

(Fig. 72). China (Yunnan), Laos.

Etymology.

The Latin adjective “cacuminis” means of a peak, top or tip, and emphasizes the singular black spot on elytra apex.

Species excluded from the latifrons species-group:

(Schenkling, 1899a) comb. n.

http://species-id.net/wiki/Corynommadius_trifasciatus

Figs 73–75

trifasciatus Schenkling, 1899a: 136 (

Type material examined.

Lectotype of Schenkling designated here: “Nuova Guinea, Fly River, L. M. D. Albertis, 1876–77 / Typus / trifasciatus Schenkl. / C. trifasciatus Schklg, Typus! N. Guinea: Fly riv., L.M.D’Albertis, 6462 [hw. by Raffaello Gestro]” (MCSN, ♀; Figs 73–75).

Note on Type material.

The name-bearing type of trifasciatus was not fixed in the original publication. We designate the only specimen found in MCSN as lectotype to express the taxonomic purpose of fixing the name to a single specimen and preventing further uncertainty regarding the taxon to which the name is applied [The red lectotype label will be sent to MCSN after this paper published].

Taxonomic position.

This species is excluded from the genus for its following characters: labrum deeply incised; eyes deeply emarginated near the antennal insertions; elytral punctures in rows; elytra clothed with unspecialized dePageBreakscent setae (not scales); the first tarsomeres very small and invisible from dorsal view; metatibia with 2 spurs in apex; metatarsi having pulvillus on tarsomere IV (in labrum with apex straight or very slightly emarginated in the middle; eyes very slightly emarginated at antennal insertions; elytral punctures not in rows; elytra with scales or glabrous; the first tarsomeres of normal size, not shorter than the second tarsomeres; metatibia with 1 spur in apex; metatarsi having pulvilli on tarsomere I–IV). Furthermore, we consider it should be assigned in the genus Schenkling, 1899a. Its closest relative is Schenkling, 1899a, the type species of Schenkling; the difference of these two species only shows in variation of anterior black spot on elytron (Fig. 73; Gerstmeier 2002: 425, 432, fig. 2).

(Corporaal, 1937)

http://species-id.net/wiki/Callimerus_doesburgi

Figs 76–78

doesburgi Corporaal, 1937: 60 (

Holotype of Corporaal: “P. H. v. Doesburg, Java, Gg. Moeria, Tjolo, 700–1000, 10.XII.1933 / J. B. Corporaal: Holotype: Brachycallimerus doesburgi Corp., 1936 [hw. by Corporaal] / Brachycallimerus PageBreakdoesburgi Corporaal, 1937, ZMAN type COLE. 1753. 1” (ZMAN, ♀; Figs 76–78); Paratype of : “Java merid, 1500, 1891, H. Fruhstorfer / J. B. Corporaal, Allotype: Brachycallimerus doesburgi Corp., 1936 [hw. by Corporaal] / Museum Paris, 1952, Coll. R. Oberthür / Type / Paratype: Brachycallimerus doesburgi Corporaal, 1937; det. Yang G. Y., 2011” (MNHN, 1♀).

The sex of the paratype was mistaken in the original publication.

This species was included in Kolibáč’s (1998) “coomani-group” for its claws without a basal tooth; moreover, its metatibia without subapical projection on outer edge and body with metallic luster, are evidence in support of Kolibáč’s assignment.

Gorham, 1892 [Callimerus incertae sedis]

http://species-id.net/wiki/Callimerus_pallidus

Figs 79–80

pallidus Gorham, 1892: 727 (

Holotype of Gorham: “Carin Chebà, 900–1000 m, L. Fea V XII-88 / Typus / pallidus Gorh. [hw. by Gorham] / C. pallidus Gorh. Typus! Birmania, L. Fea, 6476 [hw. by Raffaello Gestro] / Holotype: Callimerus pallidus Gorham, 1892, ♀, det. Yang G. Y., 2011” (MCSN, ♀; Figs 79–80).

The original publication of noted that only one specimen was examined, so the holotype was fixed in the original publication by monotypy.

Although this species has a basal tooth on claw, and we didn’t examine its character of metatibia subapical projection (the only examined specimen is glued on board with metatibia not viewable), we are still confident to exclude it from the latifrons species-group for the following character states: PL/PW >1 (ratio 1.2), EyD evidently larger than EyW (ratio 1.9). Its nearest relative within the large genus is still unclear.

Corporaal, 1949 [Callimerus incertae sedis]

http://species-id.net/wiki/Callimerus_gorhami

Figs 81–83

gorhami Corporaal, 1949: 326 (

Holotype of Corporaal: “J. B. Corporaal, Sumatra’s O. K., Tandiong Merah, 18.XII.1917, 22m / Schenkling det. / S. Schenkling PageBreakdet. 1921: Callimerus pallidus Gorh. / Callimerus pallidus Gorh. [hw. by Schenkling] / J. B. Corporaal: Holotype: Brachycallimerus gorhami Corp., 1948 / ♀ / Brachycallimerus gorhami Corporaal, 1949, ZMAN type COLE. 1754.1” (ZMAN, ♀; Figs 81–83).

The original publication of noted that only one specimen was examined, so the holotype was fixed in the original publication by monotypy.

This species has a basal tooth on claw and metatibia with subapical projection on outer edge. Although it accords with the latifrons species-group in these two important characters, our exclusion of it from this species-group is based on the following characters: PL/PW >1 (ratio 1.1); EyD evidently larger than EyW (ratio 2.4); elytra apex with scales. Its nearest relative is still unclear.

Discussion

Within these five species of the latifrons species-group, , and seem to be most closely related. This assumption is supported by the apices of paramere convergent and EL/EW less than 2 (ratio 1.7–1.8); moreover, they have similar arrangement of elytral spots, with only different degrees of spots size and black pigmenting on ventral side. Furthermore, and could beclosest to each other, because of their similarly shaped parameres and male sternite VIII. The distribution of and shows a substitute pattern (Fig. 72), whereas is distributed to their northern border, and sympatric with in Yunnan, China.

1	Elytron with only one black spot at apex (Fig. 54); metasternum and metepisternum both yellowCallimerus cacuminis sp. n.
-	Elytron with two black spots, anterior spot just before middle, posterior spot at apex or near apex (Figs 1, 15, 28, 41); metasternum and metepisternum both black	2
2	Head black; anterior black spot of elytron spanning from outer margin to suture or almost to suture (Figs 1, 2, 15, 17, 18)	3
-	Head yellow; anterior black spot of elytron clearly reaching neither outer margin or suture (Figs 28, 30, 31, 41, 42, 44)	4
3	Pronotum totally black; mesepisternum black; anterior black spot of elytron extended to suture thus forming a complete black band across elytra (Figs 1, 2); EL/EW about 2.2; apices of parameres divergent (Figs 7–9), outer margin of ventral membranous region of tegmen straight (Figs, 9, 9a)Callimerus latifrons Gorham
-	Pronotum with major area yellow, only with a small transverse black patch on anterior margin (Fig. 15), in few cases such patch absent (Fig. 17); mesepisternum yellow; anterior black spot of elytron not exactly extended to suture, thus forming a incomplete black band across elytra interrupted at suture (Figs 15, 17, 18); EL/EW about 1.7; apices of paramere convergent (Figs 20–22), outer margin of ventral membranous region of tegmen slightly curved (Figs 22, 22a)	Callimerus latesignatus Gorham
4	Mesepisternum yellow; posterior black spot of elytron located vertical-apically, rounded rectangle, length to width ratio about 1.5:1 (Fig. 28); outer margin of ventral membranous region of tegmen strongly curved, TML/TMW about 0.9 (Figs 35, 35a); tergite VIII with posterior margin rounded, slightly notched in middle (Fig. 38)	Callimerus pectoralis Schenkling
-	Mesepisternum black; posterior black spot of elytron located lateral-apically, bar-shaped, length to width ratio about 4:1 (Fig. 41); outer margin of ventral membranous region of tegmen slightly curved, TML/TMW about 1.3 (Figs 48, 48a); tergite VIII with posterior margin almost straight (Fig. 51)	Callimerus rusticus Gorham