Proteomic analysis of visceral adipose tissue in pre-obese patients with type 2 diabetes.

The mechanisms involved in the progression to overt diabetes in pre-obese subjects remain unclear. Therefore, a nontargeted evaluation of differences in the protein abundance of visceral adipose tissue (VAT) obtained from pre-obese diabetic subjects and pre-obese subjects showing normal glucose tolerance may provide novel insights on the molecular processes involved in the progression to overt diabetes in pre-obesity. Diabetic patients showed increased VAT abundance of glutathione S-transferase Mu 2, peroxiredoxin-2, antithrombin-III, apolipoprotein A-IV, Ig κ chain C region, mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase and actin, and decreased abundance of annexin-A1, retinaldehyde dehydrogenase-1, and vinculin, compared with their non-diabetic counterparts. These proteins are involved in cytoskeleton function and structure, oxidative stress, inflammation and retinoid metabolism. The presence of diabetes influences the VAT abundance of several proteins. Hence, the proteins identified here could be considered candidate molecules in future studies addressing the role that VAT dysfunction plays in the development of type 2 diabetes.