Natalie L McCarthy1, Eric Weintraub1, Claudia Vellozzi1, Jonathan Duffy1, Julianne Gee1, James G Donahue2, Michael L Jackson3, Grace M Lee4, Jason Glanz5, Roger Baxter6, Marlene M Lugg7, Allison Naleway8, Saad B Omer9, Cynthia Nakasato10, Gabriela Vazquez-Benitez11, Frank DeStefano1. 1. CDC, Atlanta, Georgia. 2. Marshfield Clinic Research Foundation, Marshfield, Wisconsin. 3. Group Health Research Institute, Seattle, Washington. 4. Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, Massachusetts. 5. Institute for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente Colorado, Denver, Colorado. 6. Kaiser Permanente Vaccine Study Center, Oakland, Southern California. 7. Kaiser Permanente, Pasadena, California. 8. Kaiser Permanente Northwest, Portland, Oregon. 9. Kaiser Permanente Georgia, Atlanta, Georgia. 10. Kaiser Permanente Center for Health Research Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii. 11. Health Partners Institute for Education and Research, Minneapolis, Minnesota. Electronic address: gvz7@cdc.gov.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Determining the baseline mortality rate in a vaccinated population is necessary to be able to identify any unusual increases in deaths following vaccine administration. Background rates are particularly useful during mass immunization campaigns and in the evaluation of new vaccines. PURPOSE: Provide background mortality rates and describe causes of death following vaccination in the Vaccine Safety Datalink (VSD). METHODS: Analyses were conducted in 2012. Mortality rates were calculated at 0-1 day, 0-7 days, 0-30 days, and 0-60 days following vaccination for deaths occurring between January 1, 2005, and December 31, 2008. Analyses were stratified by age and gender. Causes of death were examined, and findings were compared to National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) data. RESULTS: Among 13,033,274 vaccinated people, 15,455 deaths occurred between 0 and 60 days following vaccination. The mortality rate within 60 days of a vaccination visit was 442.5 deaths per 100,000 person-years. Rates were highest in the group aged ≥85 years, and increased from the 0-1-day to the 0-60-day interval following vaccination. Eleven of the 15 leading causes of death in the VSD and NCHS overlap in both systems, and the top four causes of death were the same in both systems. CONCLUSIONS: VSD mortality rates demonstrate a healthy vaccinee effect, with rates lowest in the days immediately following vaccination, most apparent in the older age groups. The VSD mortality rate is lower than that in the general U.S. population, and the causes of death are similar. Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of American Journal of Preventive Medicine
BACKGROUND: Determining the baseline mortality rate in a vaccinated population is necessary to be able to identify any unusual increases in deaths following vaccine administration. Background rates are particularly useful during mass immunization campaigns and in the evaluation of new vaccines. PURPOSE: Provide background mortality rates and describe causes of death following vaccination in the Vaccine Safety Datalink (VSD). METHODS: Analyses were conducted in 2012. Mortality rates were calculated at 0-1 day, 0-7 days, 0-30 days, and 0-60 days following vaccination for deaths occurring between January 1, 2005, and December 31, 2008. Analyses were stratified by age and gender. Causes of death were examined, and findings were compared to National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) data. RESULTS: Among 13,033,274 vaccinated people, 15,455 deaths occurred between 0 and 60 days following vaccination. The mortality rate within 60 days of a vaccination visit was 442.5 deaths per 100,000 person-years. Rates were highest in the group aged ≥85 years, and increased from the 0-1-day to the 0-60-day interval following vaccination. Eleven of the 15 leading causes of death in the VSD and NCHS overlap in both systems, and the top four causes of death were the same in both systems. CONCLUSIONS:VSD mortality rates demonstrate a healthy vaccinee effect, with rates lowest in the days immediately following vaccination, most apparent in the older age groups. The VSD mortality rate is lower than that in the general U.S. population, and the causes of death are similar. Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of American Journal of Preventive Medicine
Authors: Natalie L McCarthy; Julianne Gee; Lakshmi Sukumaran; Eric Weintraub; Jonathan Duffy; Elyse O Kharbanda; Roger Baxter; Stephanie Irving; Jennifer King; Matthew F Daley; Rulin Hechter; Michael M McNeil Journal: Pediatrics Date: 2016-02-01 Impact factor: 7.124
Authors: Jennifer L Liang; Tejpratap Tiwari; Pedro Moro; Nancy E Messonnier; Arthur Reingold; Mark Sawyer; Thomas A Clark Journal: MMWR Recomm Rep Date: 2018-04-27
Authors: Lakshmi Sukumaran; Natalie L McCarthy; Rongxia Li; Eric S Weintraub; Steven J Jacobsen; Simon J Hambidge; Lisa A Jackson; Allison L Naleway; Berwick Chan; Biwen Tao; Julianne Gee Journal: Vaccine Date: 2015-07-23 Impact factor: 3.641
Authors: Elaine R Miller; Tom T Shimabukuro; Beth F Hibbs; Pedro L Moro; Karen R Broder; Claudia Vellozzi Journal: Am J Nurs Date: 2015-08 Impact factor: 2.220
Authors: Ifedayo M O Adetifa; Tahreni Bwanaali; Jackline Wafula; Alex Mutuku; Boniface Karia; Anne Makumi; Pauline Mwatsuma; Evasius Bauni; Laura L Hammitt; D James Nokes; Ephantus Maree; Collins Tabu; Tatu Kamau; Christine Mataza; Thomas N Williams; J Anthony G Scott Journal: Int J Epidemiol Date: 2017-06-01 Impact factor: 7.196