Anisha I Patel1, Daniel J Shapiro2, Y Claire Wang3, Michael D Cabana4. 1. Department of Pediatrics, Columbia Mailman School of Public Health, New York, New York; Philip R. Lee Institute for Health Policy Studies, Columbia Mailman School of Public Health, New York, New York. Electronic address: PatelA@peds.ucsf.edu. 2. Philip R. Lee Institute for Health Policy Studies, Columbia Mailman School of Public Health, New York, New York. 3. Department of Health Policy and Management, Columbia Mailman School of Public Health, New York, New York. 4. Department of Pediatrics, Columbia Mailman School of Public Health, New York, New York; Philip R. Lee Institute for Health Policy Studies, Columbia Mailman School of Public Health, New York, New York; Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, California.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Tap water provides a calorie-free, no-cost, environmentally friendly beverage option, yet only some youth drink it. PURPOSE: To examine sociodemographic characteristics, weight status, and beverage intake of those aged 1-19 years who drink tap water. METHODS: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data (2005-2010) were used to examine factors associated with tap water consumption. A comparison was made of beverage intake among tap water consumers and nonconsumers, by age, race/ethnicity, and income. RESULTS: Tap water consumption was more prevalent among school-aged children (OR=1.85, 95% CI=1.47, 2.33, for those aged 6-11 years; OR=1.85, 95% CI=1.32, 2.59, for those aged 12-19 years) as compared to those aged 1-2 years. Tap water intake was less prevalent among girls/women (OR=0.76, 95% CI=0.64, 0.89); Mexican Americans (OR=0.32, 95% CI=0.23, 0.45); non-Hispanic blacks (OR=0.48, 95% CI=0.34, 0.67); and others (OR=0.50, 95% CI=0.36, 0.68) as compared to whites; Spanish speakers (OR=0.72, 95% CI=0.55, 0.95); and among referents with a lower than Grade-9 education (OR=0.52, 95% CI=0.31, 0.88); Grade 9-11 education (OR=0.50, 95% CI=0.32, 0.77); and high school/General Educational Development test completion (OR=0.50, 95% CI=0.33, 0.76), as compared to college graduates. Tap water consumers drank more fluid (52.5 vs 48.0 ounces, p<0.01); more plain water (20.1 vs 15.2 ounces, p<0.01); and less juice (3.6 vs 5.2 ounces, p<0.01) than nonconsumers. CONCLUSIONS: One in six children/adolescents does not drink tap water, and this finding is more pronounced among minorities. Sociodemographic disparities in tap water consumption may contribute to disparities in health outcomes. Improvements in drinking water infrastructure and culturally relevant promotion may help to address these issues. Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of American Journal of Preventive Medicine
BACKGROUND:Tapwater provides a calorie-free, no-cost, environmentally friendly beverage option, yet only some youth drink it. PURPOSE: To examine sociodemographic characteristics, weight status, and beverage intake of those aged 1-19 years who drink tapwater. METHODS: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data (2005-2010) were used to examine factors associated with tapwater consumption. A comparison was made of beverage intake among tapwater consumers and nonconsumers, by age, race/ethnicity, and income. RESULTS:Tapwater consumption was more prevalent among school-aged children (OR=1.85, 95% CI=1.47, 2.33, for those aged 6-11 years; OR=1.85, 95% CI=1.32, 2.59, for those aged 12-19 years) as compared to those aged 1-2 years. Tapwater intake was less prevalent among girls/women (OR=0.76, 95% CI=0.64, 0.89); Mexican Americans (OR=0.32, 95% CI=0.23, 0.45); non-Hispanic blacks (OR=0.48, 95% CI=0.34, 0.67); and others (OR=0.50, 95% CI=0.36, 0.68) as compared to whites; Spanish speakers (OR=0.72, 95% CI=0.55, 0.95); and among referents with a lower than Grade-9 education (OR=0.52, 95% CI=0.31, 0.88); Grade 9-11 education (OR=0.50, 95% CI=0.32, 0.77); and high school/General Educational Development test completion (OR=0.50, 95% CI=0.33, 0.76), as compared to college graduates. Tapwater consumers drank more fluid (52.5 vs 48.0 ounces, p<0.01); more plain water (20.1 vs 15.2 ounces, p<0.01); and less juice (3.6 vs 5.2 ounces, p<0.01) than nonconsumers. CONCLUSIONS: One in six children/adolescents does not drink tapwater, and this finding is more pronounced among minorities. Sociodemographic disparities in tapwater consumption may contribute to disparities in health outcomes. Improvements in drinking water infrastructure and culturally relevant promotion may help to address these issues. Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of American Journal of Preventive Medicine
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