OBJECTIVES: Past research of the Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ) lacks clear results regarding its factorial validity, item fitting, mindfulness in the general population, and on the higher order structure of mindfulness. We derived an alternative two-factor higher order structure for the FFMQ, delineating the attentional and experiential aspects of mindfulness. METHOD: Data of 640 persons from the Austrian community were used for primary analyses, and data of 333 Austrian students were used for cross-validation. Confirmatory analyses and exploratory structural equation modeling (ESEM) were utilized to investigate psychometric and structural properties. Associations with related variables and indicators of mental health were examined. RESULTS: Confirmatory models fitted only poorly on the full 39-item FFMQ. Fit was acceptable in an abridged 20-item version in both samples. The Nonreact scale had only weak psychometric properties. ESEM analyses suggested a good fit of two higher order factors and revealed structural differences between the samples. Beneficial effects of mindfulness appeared to be uniquely associated with the experiential aspects of mindfulness. Strategies of emotion regulation showed differential associations with the two higher order factors in the two samples. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings are relevant both with regard to conceptual issues on mindfulness and the assessment of mindfulness with the FFMQ. Replications in meditating samples and in patients are needed.
OBJECTIVES: Past research of the Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ) lacks clear results regarding its factorial validity, item fitting, mindfulness in the general population, and on the higher order structure of mindfulness. We derived an alternative two-factor higher order structure for the FFMQ, delineating the attentional and experiential aspects of mindfulness. METHOD: Data of 640 persons from the Austrian community were used for primary analyses, and data of 333 Austrian students were used for cross-validation. Confirmatory analyses and exploratory structural equation modeling (ESEM) were utilized to investigate psychometric and structural properties. Associations with related variables and indicators of mental health were examined. RESULTS: Confirmatory models fitted only poorly on the full 39-item FFMQ. Fit was acceptable in an abridged 20-item version in both samples. The Nonreact scale had only weak psychometric properties. ESEM analyses suggested a good fit of two higher order factors and revealed structural differences between the samples. Beneficial effects of mindfulness appeared to be uniquely associated with the experiential aspects of mindfulness. Strategies of emotion regulation showed differential associations with the two higher order factors in the two samples. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings are relevant both with regard to conceptual issues on mindfulness and the assessment of mindfulness with the FFMQ. Replications in meditating samples and in patients are needed.
Authors: William E Pelham; Oscar Gonzalez; Stephen A Metcalf; Cady L Whicker; Emily A Scherer; Katie Witkiewitz; Lisa A Marsch; David P Mackinnon Journal: Mindfulness (N Y) Date: 2019-03-02
Authors: Ulrich S Tran; Ausiàs Cebolla; Tobias M Glück; Joaquim Soler; Javier Garcia-Campayo; Theresa von Moy Journal: PLoS One Date: 2014-10-16 Impact factor: 3.240
Authors: William E Pelham; Oscar Gonzalez; Stephen A Metcalf; Cady L Whicker; Katie Witkiewitz; Lisa A Marsch; David P Mackinnon Journal: Mindfulness (N Y) Date: 2019-10-07
Authors: Jaume Aguado; Juan V Luciano; Ausias Cebolla; Antoni Serrano-Blanco; Joaquim Soler; Javier García-Campayo Journal: Front Psychol Date: 2015-04-09