Magnetic resonance imaging and arthroscopic appearance of the menisci of the knee.

The menisci are critical for normal function of the knee, providing shock absorption and load transmission that reduce stress on the articular cartilage. When torn, a meniscus may require surgery to restore function, reduce pain, and eliminate mechanical symptoms. Patterns of meniscal tears include longitudinal and bucket-handle, which are often reparable; and horizontal, radial, vertical flap, horizontal flap, and complex. Root tears are usually radial and occur in the posterior roots. When reviewing magnetic resonance images, one must be aware of normal variants and imaging pitfalls that may simulate pathology.