Simulation-based training in radiology.

Although the apprenticeship model of medical training has been in use for centuries, there are several problems with its use. The fundamental ethical principle of nonmaleficence requires that no preventable harm come to patients involved in the training process. In addition, changing medical practice patterns with shorter hospital stays and duty-hour restrictions are making it difficult for trainees to be exposed to enough patients to prepare them to deal with the many possible scenarios they may face in practice. Despite these limitations, the apprenticeship model cannot be completely rejected because it is essential for trainees to perfect their technique by caring for real patients with the guidance of experienced practitioners. Simulation-based training can allow novices to learn from their mistakes in a safe environment and in accordance with the principles of deliberate practice, thus allowing simulation to be a bridge to help get trainees from the novice state, in which they have a higher risk of causing harm, to a more experienced state in which they are more likely to do what is needed for patients.