Dennis Lendrem1, Sheryl Mitchell1, Peter McMeekin2, Simon Bowman3, Elizabeth Price4, Colin T Pease5, Paul Emery5, Jacqueline Andrews5, Peter Lanyon6, John Hunter7, Monica Gupta7, Michele Bombardieri8, Nurhan Sutcliffe8, Costantino Pitzalis8, John McLaren9, Annie Cooper10, Marian Regan11, Ian Giles12, David Isenberg12, Saravanan Vadivelu13, David Coady14, Bhaskar Dasgupta15, Neil McHugh16, Steven Young-Min17, Robert Moots18, Nagui Gendi19, Mohammed Akil20, Bridget Griffiths1, Wan-Fai Ng21. 1. Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK. 2. Institute of Health and Society, Newcastle University, UK. 3. University Hospital Birmingham, Birmingham, UK. 4. Great Western Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Swindon, UK. 5. Section of Musculoskeletal Disease, Leeds Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Leeds & NIHR Leeds Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit, Leeds Teaching Hospitals Trust, Leeds, UK. 6. Nottingham University Hospital, Nottingham, UK. 7. Gartnavel General Hospital, Glasgow, UK. 8. Barts and the London NHS Trust & Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, UK. 9. NHS Fife, Whyteman's Brae Hospital, Kirkcaldy, UK. 10. Royal Hampshire County Hospital, Winchester, UK. 11. Royal Derby Hospital, Derby, UK. 12. University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK. 13. Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Gateshead, UK. 14. Sunderland Royal Hospital, Sunderland, UK. 15. Southend University Hospital, UK. 16. Royal National Hospital for Rheumatic Diseases, Bath, UK. 17. Portsmouth Hospitals NHS Trust, UK. 18. Aintree University Hospitals, Liverpool, UK. 19. Basildon Hospital, Basildon, UK. 20. Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield, UK. 21. Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK Musculoskeletal Research Group, Institute of Cellular Medicine & NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Ageing and Chronic Diseases, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: EuroQoL-5 dimension (EQ-5D) is a standardised preference-based tool for measurement of health-related quality of life and EQ-5D utility values can be converted to quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) to aid cost-utility analysis. This study aimed to evaluate the EQ-5D utility values of 639 patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome (PSS) in the UK. METHODS: Prospective data collected using a standardised pro forma were compared with UK normative data. Relationships between utility values and the clinical and laboratory features of PSS were explored. RESULTS: The proportion of patients with PSS reporting any problem in mobility, self-care, usual activities, pain/discomfort and anxiety/depression were 42.2%, 16.7%, 56.6%, 80.6% and 49.4%, respectively, compared with 5.4%, 1.6%, 7.9%, 30.2% and 15.7% for the UK general population. The median EQ-5D utility value was 0.691 (IQR 0.587-0.796, range -0.239 to 1.000) with a bimodal distribution. Bivariate correlation analysis revealed significant correlations between EQ-5D utility values and many clinical features of PSS, but most strongly with pain, depression and fatigue (R values>0.5). After adjusting for age and sex differences, multiple regression analysis identified pain and depression as the two most important predictors of EQ-5D utility values, accounting for 48% of the variability. Anxiety, fatigue and body mass index were other statistically significant predictors, but they accounted for <5% in variability. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first report on the EQ-5D utility values of patients with PSS. These patients have significantly impaired utility values compared with the UK general population. EQ-5D utility values are significantly related to pain and depression scores in PSS. Published by the BMJ Publishing Group Limited. For permission to use (where not already granted under a licence) please go to http://group.bmj.com/group/rights-licensing/permissions.
OBJECTIVES: EuroQoL-5 dimension (EQ-5D) is a standardised preference-based tool for measurement of health-related quality of life and EQ-5D utility values can be converted to quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) to aid cost-utility analysis. This study aimed to evaluate the EQ-5D utility values of 639 patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome (PSS) in the UK. METHODS: Prospective data collected using a standardised pro forma were compared with UK normative data. Relationships between utility values and the clinical and laboratory features of PSS were explored. RESULTS: The proportion of patients with PSS reporting any problem in mobility, self-care, usual activities, pain/discomfort and anxiety/depression were 42.2%, 16.7%, 56.6%, 80.6% and 49.4%, respectively, compared with 5.4%, 1.6%, 7.9%, 30.2% and 15.7% for the UK general population. The median EQ-5D utility value was 0.691 (IQR 0.587-0.796, range -0.239 to 1.000) with a bimodal distribution. Bivariate correlation analysis revealed significant correlations between EQ-5D utility values and many clinical features of PSS, but most strongly with pain, depression and fatigue (R values>0.5). After adjusting for age and sex differences, multiple regression analysis identified pain and depression as the two most important predictors of EQ-5D utility values, accounting for 48% of the variability. Anxiety, fatigue and body mass index were other statistically significant predictors, but they accounted for <5% in variability. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first report on the EQ-5D utility values of patients with PSS. These patients have significantly impaired utility values compared with the UK general population. EQ-5D utility values are significantly related to pain and depression scores in PSS. Published by the BMJ Publishing Group Limited. For permission to use (where not already granted under a licence) please go to http://group.bmj.com/group/rights-licensing/permissions.
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