Genome-wide analysis of fungal manganese transporters, with an emphasis on Phanerochaete chrysosporium.

Genome-wide analysis of fungal manganese transporters was undertaken, making use of whole genome sequences available in fungal databases. A repertoire of 281 putative manganese transporters was found in total across 26 fungal species representing 20 fungal orders. The process of gene duplication was apparently accompanied by gene loss events, and this resulted in a great variety of manganese transporters that can be observed in the genome of modern fungi. Eleven transporters belonging to gene families in which manganese transporters have been found were identified in the Phanerochaete chrysosporium genome. This whole set of transporters may cover the need of P. chrysosporium cells for manganese loading in and unloading out of the cytosol, thereby insuring manganese homeostasis. The tight control of intracellular Mn(2+) ion concentration is for instance of crucial importance for the control of lignin-degradative systems by saprotrophic fungi, and thereof the carbon cycle in forest ecosystems.