Romana Novaković1, Adriënne Cavelaars2, Anouk Geelen2, Marina Nikolić1, Iris Iglesia Altaba3, Blanca Roman Viñas4, Joy Ngo4, Mana Golsorkhi5, Marisol Warthon Medina6, Anna Brzozowska7, Anna Szczecinska7, Diederik de Cock8, Greet Vansant8, Marianne Renkema2, Lluís Serra Majem4, Luis Aznar Moreno3, Maria Glibetić1, Mirjana Gurinović1, Pieter van't Veer2, Lisette C P G M de Groot2. 1. 1 Centre of Research Excellence in Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, Tadeuska Koscuska 1, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia. 2. 2 Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University and Research Centre, Wageningen, The Netherlands. 3. 3 Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development (GENUD) Research Group, School of Health Science (EUCS), University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain. 4. 4 Community Nutrition Research Centre of the Nutrition Research Foundation, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain. 5. 5 Department of Sport and Health Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, UK. 6. 6 Centre for Applied Sport and Exercise Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, UK. 7. 7 Faculty of Human Nutrition and Consumer Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (WULS-SGGW), Warsaw, Poland. 8. 8 Department of Nutrition-Public Health Medicine, LFoRCe (Leuven Food Science and Nutrition Research Centre), Catholic University, Leuven, Belgium.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To provide the evidence base for targeted nutrition policies to reduce the risk of micronutrient/diet-related diseases among disadvantaged populations in Europe, by focusing on: folate, vitamin B12, Fe, Zn and iodine for intake and status; and vitamin C, vitamin D, Ca, Se and Cu for intake. DESIGN: MEDLINE and Embase databases were searched to collect original studies that: (i) were published from 1990 to 2011; (ii) involved >100 subjects; (iii) had assessed dietary intake at the individual level; and/or (iv) included best practice biomarkers reflecting micronutrient status. We estimated relative differences in mean micronutrient intake and/or status between the lowest and highest socio-economic groups to: (i) evaluate variation in intake and status between socio-economic groups; and (ii) report on data availability. SETTING: Europe. SUBJECTS: Children, adults and elderly. RESULTS: Data from eighteen publications originating primarily from Western Europe showed that there is a positive association between indicators of socio-economic status and micronutrient intake and/or status. The largest differences were observed for intake of vitamin C in eleven out of twelve studies (5-47 %) and for vitamin D in total of four studies (4-31 %). CONCLUSIONS: The positive association observed between micronutrient intake and socio-economic status should complement existing evidence on socio-economic inequalities in diet-related diseases among disadvantaged populations in Europe. These findings could provide clues for further research and have implications for public health policy aimed at improving the intake of micronutrients and diet-related diseases.
OBJECTIVE: To provide the evidence base for targeted nutrition policies to reduce the risk of micronutrient/diet-related diseases among disadvantaged populations in Europe, by focusing on: folate, vitamin B12, Fe, Zn and iodine for intake and status; and vitamin C, vitamin D, Ca, Se and Cu for intake. DESIGN: MEDLINE and Embase databases were searched to collect original studies that: (i) were published from 1990 to 2011; (ii) involved >100 subjects; (iii) had assessed dietary intake at the individual level; and/or (iv) included best practice biomarkers reflecting micronutrient status. We estimated relative differences in mean micronutrient intake and/or status between the lowest and highest socio-economic groups to: (i) evaluate variation in intake and status between socio-economic groups; and (ii) report on data availability. SETTING: Europe. SUBJECTS:Children, adults and elderly. RESULTS: Data from eighteen publications originating primarily from Western Europe showed that there is a positive association between indicators of socio-economic status and micronutrient intake and/or status. The largest differences were observed for intake of vitamin C in eleven out of twelve studies (5-47 %) and for vitamin D in total of four studies (4-31 %). CONCLUSIONS: The positive association observed between micronutrient intake and socio-economic status should complement existing evidence on socio-economic inequalities in diet-related diseases among disadvantaged populations in Europe. These findings could provide clues for further research and have implications for public health policy aimed at improving the intake of micronutrients and diet-related diseases.
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