PURPOSE: The objective of this study was to generate normative values and to test psychometric properties of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) for the general population of Colombia. While there are several normative studies in Europe, Latin American normative values are missing. The identification of people with mental distress requires norms obtained for the specific country. METHODS: A representative face-to-face household study (n = 1,500) was conducted in 2012. The survey questionnaire contained the HADS, several other questionnaires, and sociodemographic variables. RESULTS: HADS mean values (anxiety: M = 4.61 ± 3.64, depression: M = 4.30 ± 3.91) were similar to those reported from European studies. Females were more anxious and depressed than males. The depression scale showed a nearly linear age dependency with increasing scores for old people. Mean scores and percentiles (75 and 90%) are presented for each age decade for both genders. Both anxiety and depression correlated significantly with the total score of the multidimensional fatigue inventory and with the mental component summary score of the quality of life questionnaire SF-8. Internal consistency coefficients of both scales were satisfying, but confirmatory factorial analysis results only partially supported the two-dimensional structure of the questionnaire. CONCLUSION: This study supports the reliability of the HADS in one Latin American country. The normative scores can be used to compare a patient's score with those derived from a reference group. However, the generalizability to other Latin American regions requires further research.
PURPOSE: The objective of this study was to generate normative values and to test psychometric properties of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) for the general population of Colombia. While there are several normative studies in Europe, Latin American normative values are missing. The identification of people with mental distress requires norms obtained for the specific country. METHODS: A representative face-to-face household study (n = 1,500) was conducted in 2012. The survey questionnaire contained the HADS, several other questionnaires, and sociodemographic variables. RESULTS: HADS mean values (anxiety: M = 4.61 ± 3.64, depression: M = 4.30 ± 3.91) were similar to those reported from European studies. Females were more anxious and depressed than males. The depression scale showed a nearly linear age dependency with increasing scores for old people. Mean scores and percentiles (75 and 90%) are presented for each age decade for both genders. Both anxiety and depression correlated significantly with the total score of the multidimensional fatigue inventory and with the mental component summary score of the quality of life questionnaire SF-8. Internal consistency coefficients of both scales were satisfying, but confirmatory factorial analysis results only partially supported the two-dimensional structure of the questionnaire. CONCLUSION: This study supports the reliability of the HADS in one Latin American country. The normative scores can be used to compare a patient's score with those derived from a reference group. However, the generalizability to other Latin American regions requires further research.
Authors: Luciane N Cruz; Carisi A Polanczyk; Suzi A Camey; Juliana F Hoffmann; Marcelo P Fleck Journal: Qual Life Res Date: 2011-01-29 Impact factor: 4.147
Authors: Luciane N Cruz; Suzi A Camey; Juliana F Hoffmann; Donna Rowen; John E Brazier; Marcelo P Fleck; Carisi A Polanczyk Journal: Value Health Date: 2011 Jul-Aug Impact factor: 5.725
Authors: Koen Demyttenaere; Ronny Bruffaerts; Jose Posada-Villa; Isabelle Gasquet; Viviane Kovess; Jean Pierre Lepine; Matthias C Angermeyer; Sebastian Bernert; Giovanni de Girolamo; Pierluigi Morosini; Gabriella Polidori; Takehiko Kikkawa; Norito Kawakami; Yutaka Ono; Tadashi Takeshima; Hidenori Uda; Elie G Karam; John A Fayyad; Aimee N Karam; Zeina N Mneimneh; Maria Elena Medina-Mora; Guilherme Borges; Carmen Lara; Ron de Graaf; Johan Ormel; Oye Gureje; Yucun Shen; Yueqin Huang; Mingyuan Zhang; Jordi Alonso; Josep Maria Haro; Gemma Vilagut; Evelyn J Bromet; Semyon Gluzman; Charles Webb; Ronald C Kessler; Kathleen R Merikangas; James C Anthony; Michael R Von Korff; Philip S Wang; Traolach S Brugha; Sergio Aguilar-Gaxiola; Sing Lee; Steven Heeringa; Beth-Ellen Pennell; Alan M Zaslavsky; T Bedirhan Ustun; Somnath Chatterji Journal: JAMA Date: 2004-06-02 Impact factor: 56.272
Authors: Stephan Seklehner; Paul Friedrich Engelhardt; Mesut Remzi; Harun Fajkovic; Zana Saratlija-Novakovic; Matthias Skopek; Irene Resch; Mario Duvnjak; Stephan Hruby; Clemens Wehrberger; Davor Librenjak; Wilhelm Hübner; Eckart Breinl; Claus Riedl Journal: Qual Life Res Date: 2016-03-17 Impact factor: 4.147