OBJECT: MR imaging of low-gamma nuclei at the ultrahigh magnetic field of 21.1 T provides a new opportunity for understanding a variety of biological processes. Among these, chlorine and sodium are attracting attention for their involvement in brain function and cancer development. MATERIALS AND METHODS: MRI of (35)Cl and (23)Na were performed and relaxation times were measured in vivo in normal rat (n = 3) and in rat with glioma (n = 3) at 21.1 T. The concentrations of both nuclei were evaluated using the center-out back-projection method. RESULTS: T 1 relaxation curve of chlorine in normal rat head was fitted by bi-exponential function (T 1a = 4.8 ms (0.7) T 1b = 24.4 ± 7 ms (0.3) and compared with sodium (T 1 = 41.4 ms). Free induction decays (FID) of chlorine and sodium in vivo were bi-exponential with similar rapidly decaying components of [Formula: see text] ms and [Formula: see text] ms, respectively. Effects of small acquisition matrix and bi-exponential FIDs were assessed for quantification of chlorine (33.2 mM) and sodium (44.4 mM) in rat brain. CONCLUSION: The study modeled a dramatic effect of the bi-exponential decay on MRI results. The revealed increased chlorine concentration in glioma (~1.5 times) relative to a normal brain correlates with the hypothesis asserting the importance of chlorine for tumor progression.
OBJECT: MR imaging of low-gamma nuclei at the ultrahigh magnetic field of 21.1 T provides a new opportunity for understanding a variety of biological processes. Among these, chlorine and sodium are attracting attention for their involvement in brain function and cancer development. MATERIALS AND METHODS: MRI of (35)Cl and (23)Na were performed and relaxation times were measured in vivo in normal rat (n = 3) and in rat with glioma (n = 3) at 21.1 T. The concentrations of both nuclei were evaluated using the center-out back-projection method. RESULTS: T 1 relaxation curve of chlorine in normal rat head was fitted by bi-exponential function (T 1a = 4.8 ms (0.7) T 1b = 24.4 ± 7 ms (0.3) and compared with sodium (T 1 = 41.4 ms). Free induction decays (FID) of chlorine and sodium in vivo were bi-exponential with similar rapidly decaying components of [Formula: see text] ms and [Formula: see text] ms, respectively. Effects of small acquisition matrix and bi-exponential FIDs were assessed for quantification of chlorine (33.2 mM) and sodium (44.4 mM) in rat brain. CONCLUSION: The study modeled a dramatic effect of the bi-exponential decay on MRI results. The revealed increased chlorine concentration in glioma (~1.5 times) relative to a normal brain correlates with the hypothesis asserting the importance of chlorine for tumor progression.
Authors: Sònia Nielles-Vallespin; Marc-André Weber; Michael Bock; André Bongers; Peter Speier; Stephanie E Combs; Johannes Wöhrle; Frank Lehmann-Horn; Marco Essig; Lothar R Schad Journal: Magn Reson Med Date: 2007-01 Impact factor: 4.668
Authors: Chunqi Qian; Ihssan S Masad; Jens T Rosenberg; Malathy Elumalai; William W Brey; Samuel C Grant; Peter L Gor'kov Journal: J Magn Reson Date: 2012-05-30 Impact factor: 2.229
Authors: Paula Ramos Delgado; Ekkehard Küstermann; André Kühne; Jason M Millward; Thoralf Niendorf; Andreas Pohlmann; Martin Meier Journal: Methods Mol Biol Date: 2021