Bladder augmentation: experience with 129 children and young adults.

From 1977 to 1989 bladder augmentation was performed in 56 male and 73 female patients from 1 to 35 years old (average age 12.7 years). In 59 cases augmentation was performed as part of an undiversion operation. Indications for augmentation included neurogenic bladder, severely scarred bladder from prior operations, noncompliant bladder after previous treatment of severe urethral valves, small bladder in former exstrophy patients, epispadias with a small bladder, cloacal exstrophy, and small, noncompliant bladder after therapy for cancer, trauma, cloaca and miscellaneous conditions. We used 145 bowel segments, since 16 patients had 2 bowel segments. Segments included cecum in 65 cases, sigmoid in 46, small bowel in 24, stomach in 4 and left colon in 1. The most common complication was stones. Detubularized bowel for augmentation of small noncompliant bladders allows functional reconstruction in a wide range of urological disorders that were formerly treated by diversion. Reconstruction is possible in many previously diverted patients if bladder augmentation is used.