Endomicroscopy and endocytoscopy in IBD.

Two types of endomicroscopy systems exist. One is integrated into a standard, high-resolution endoscope and one is probe-based, capable of passage through the working channel of a standard endoscope. Endocytoscopy allows visualization of the superficial mucosal layer. Endoscope-integrated and probe-based devices allow magnification of the mucosa up to 1400-fold. Endomicroscopy can differentiate histologic changes of Crohn disease and ulcerative colitis in vivo in real time. Endocytoscopy can discriminate mucosal inflammatory cells, allowing determination of histopathologic activity of ulcerative colitis. Molecular imaging with fluorescence-labeled probes against disease-specific receptors will enable individualized management of inflammatory bowel diseases.