Literature DB >> 23731589

Cosmetic botulinum toxin: has it replaced more invasive facial procedures?

Myriam Loyo1, Theda C Kontis.   

Abstract

Botulinum toxin (BoNTA) has become the modern generation's treatment of choice for facial aging. Advanced uses of neurotoxin have treated specific areas of the face, in addition to the glabella, which is the only site for injection approved by the Food and Drug Administration. This article suggests that BoNTA has replaced surgical procedures that treat oral commissures, mild brow ptosis and brow asymmetries, and hypertrophic orbicularis oculi muscles. It is becoming increasingly used for lip asymmetry, platysmal banding, and necklift, although it has not replaced traditional procedures for the correction of these areas.
Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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Year:  2013        PMID: 23731589     DOI: 10.1016/j.fsc.2013.02.009

Source DB:  PubMed          Journal:  Facial Plast Surg Clin North Am        ISSN: 1064-7406            Impact factor:   1.918


  1 in total

1.  The history of Botulinum toxin: from poison to beauty.

Authors:  Katlein França; Anagha Kumar; Massimo Fioranelli; Torello Lotti; Michael Tirant; Maria Grazia Roccia
Journal:  Wien Med Wochenschr       Date:  2017-03-15
  1 in total

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