Literature DB >> 23723792

2-[(5'-Chloro-1,1':3',1''-terphenyl-4'-yl)imino]-acenaphthylen-1(2H)-one.

Zhengyin Du1, Fushou Che, Yufei Yan, Wei Liu.   

Abstract

The title compound, C30H18ClNO, is a product of the condensation reaction of n class="Chemical">acenaphthyl-ene-1,2-dione and 5'-chloro-1,1':3',1''-terphenyl-4'-amine. The acenaphthyl-ene fragment and two terminal phenyl rings are rotated relative to the central benzene ring by 72.2 (3), 43.2 (3) and 41.2 (3)°, respectively. This mol-ecular conformation is supported by weak C-H⋯π inter-actions. In the crystal, mol-ecules form centrosymmetric dimers by the stacking inter-actions between two neighboring acenaphthyl-ene fragments, with an inter-planar distance of 3.365 (3) Å. The dimers are bound to each other by weak C-H⋯N and C-H⋯π inter-actions, forming a three-dimensional framework.

Entities:  

Year:  2013        PMID: 23723792      PMCID: PMC3647826          DOI: 10.1107/S1600536813008015

Source DB:  PubMed          Journal:  Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online        ISSN: 1600-5368


Related literature

For background to applications of Schiff bases, see: Lozier et al. (1975 ▶); Kargar et al. (2009 ▶); Yeap et al. (2009 ▶). For related structures, see: Higuchi et al. (2001 ▶); Manseong et al. (2006 ▶); Vitor et al. (2008 ▶).

Experimental

Crystal data

C30H18ClNO M = 443.90 Monoclinic, a = 12.4929 (6) Å b = 10.8699 (7) Å c = 16.0758 (8) Å β = 91.864 (5)° V = 2181.9 (2) Å3 Z = 4 Mo Kα radiation μ = 0.20 mm−1 T = 100 K 0.32 × 0.28 × 0.25 mm

Data collection

Agilent SuperNova (Dual, Cu at zero, n class="Gene">Eos) diffractometer Absorption correction: multi-scan (CrysAlis PRO; Agilent, 2012 ▶) T min = 0.866, T max = 1.000 8827 measured reflections 4461 independent reflections 3151 reflections with I > 2σ(I) R int = 0.041

Refinement

R[F 2 > 2σ(F 2)] = 0.058 wR(F 2) = 0.121 S = 1.09 4461 reflections 298 parameters H-atom parameters constrained Δρmax = 0.50 e Å−3 Δρmin = −0.28 e Å−3 Data collection: CrysAlis PRO (Agilent, 2012 ▶); cell refinement: CrysAlis PRO; data reduction: CrysAlis PRO; program(s) used to solve structure: SHELXTL (Sheldrick, 2008 ▶); program(s) used to refine structure: SHELXTL; molecular graphics: OLEX2 (Dolomanov et al., 2009 ▶); software used to prepare material for publication: OLEX2. Click here for additional data file. Crystal structure: contains datablock(s) global, I. DOI: 10.1107/S1600536813008015/kq2002sup1.cif Click here for additional data file. Structure factors: contains datablock(s) I. DOI: 10.1107/S1600536813008015/kq2002Isup2.hkl Click here for additional data file. Supplementary material file. DOI: 10.1107/S1600536813008015/kq2002Isup3.cml Additional supplementary materials: crystallographic information; 3D view; checkCIF report
C30H18ClNOF(000) = 920
Mr = 443.90Dx = 1.351 Mg m3
Monoclinic, P21/nMo Kα radiation, λ = 0.7107 Å
a = 12.4929 (6) ÅCell parameters from 2796 reflections
b = 10.8699 (7) Åθ = 3.1–28.4°
c = 16.0758 (8) ŵ = 0.20 mm1
β = 91.864 (5)°T = 100 K
V = 2181.9 (2) Å3Block, clear light-yellow
Z = 40.32 × 0.28 × 0.25 mm
Agilent SuperNova (Dual, Cu at zero, Eos) diffractometer4461 independent reflections
Radiation source: SuperNova (Mo) X-ray Source3151 reflections with I > 2σ(I)
Mirror monochromatorRint = 0.041
Detector resolution: 16.0733 pixels mm-1θmax = 26.4°, θmin = 3.2°
ω scansh = −15→15
Absorption correction: multi-scan (CrysAlis PRO; Agilent, 2012)k = −13→11
Tmin = 0.866, Tmax = 1.000l = −19→20
8827 measured reflections
Refinement on F2Primary atom site location: structure-invariant direct methods
Least-squares matrix: fullSecondary atom site location: difference Fourier map
R[F2 > 2σ(F2)] = 0.058Hydrogen site location: inferred from neighbouring sites
wR(F2) = 0.121H-atom parameters constrained
S = 1.09w = 1/[σ2(Fo2) + (0.031P)2 + 0.7817P] where P = (Fo2 + 2Fc2)/3
4461 reflections(Δ/σ)max < 0.001
298 parametersΔρmax = 0.50 e Å3
0 restraintsΔρmin = −0.28 e Å3
Geometry. All e.s.d.'s (except the e.s.d. in the dihedral angle between two l.s. planes) are estimated using the full covariance matrix. The cell e.s.d.'s are taken into account individually in the estimation of e.s.d.'s in distances, angles and torsion angles; correlations between e.s.d.'s in cell parameters are only used when they are defined by crystal symmetry. An approximate (isotropic) treatment of cell e.s.d.'s is used for estimating e.s.d.'s involving l.s. planes.
Refinement. Refinement of F2 against ALL reflections. The weighted R-factor wR and goodness of fit S are based on F2, conventional R-factors R are based on F, with F set to zero for negative F2. The threshold expression of F2 > σ(F2) is used only for calculating R-factors(gt) etc. and is not relevant to the choice of reflections for refinement. R-factors based on F2 are statistically about twice as large as those based on F, and R- factors based on ALL data will be even larger.
xyzUiso*/Ueq
Cl10.04696 (5)0.31870 (6)0.48276 (4)0.02604 (18)
O10.41337 (15)0.16285 (19)0.45458 (12)0.0333 (5)
N20.23922 (15)0.29536 (19)0.37546 (11)0.0179 (5)
C10.29301 (19)0.4619 (3)0.47857 (15)0.0226 (6)
C20.2362 (2)0.5671 (3)0.46784 (16)0.0255 (6)
H20.18240.57370.42670.031*
C30.2617 (2)0.6671 (3)0.52178 (18)0.0335 (7)
H30.22490.74080.51430.040*
C40.3393 (2)0.6593 (3)0.58509 (17)0.0334 (7)
H40.35150.72620.62010.040*
C50.3989 (2)0.5525 (3)0.59681 (16)0.0276 (7)
C60.4832 (2)0.5294 (3)0.65685 (16)0.0330 (7)
H60.50190.59010.69540.040*
C70.5368 (2)0.4199 (3)0.65874 (16)0.0352 (8)
H70.59110.40870.69900.042*
C80.5140 (2)0.3233 (3)0.60276 (15)0.0317 (7)
H80.55270.25020.60450.038*
C90.4309 (2)0.3422 (3)0.54485 (15)0.0249 (6)
C100.3752 (2)0.4534 (3)0.54261 (15)0.0250 (6)
C110.3865 (2)0.2656 (3)0.47682 (15)0.0247 (6)
C120.29469 (18)0.3418 (2)0.43510 (14)0.0186 (6)
C130.15077 (18)0.3582 (2)0.33866 (14)0.0176 (5)
C140.05499 (19)0.3719 (2)0.38076 (14)0.0195 (6)
C15−0.03509 (19)0.4241 (2)0.34434 (15)0.0213 (6)
H15−0.09740.43060.37410.026*
C16−0.03305 (19)0.4674 (2)0.26273 (15)0.0208 (6)
C170.06207 (18)0.4559 (2)0.22035 (15)0.0195 (6)
H170.06450.48620.16630.023*
C180.15357 (18)0.4010 (2)0.25532 (14)0.0169 (5)
C190.25352 (18)0.3931 (2)0.20691 (14)0.0176 (5)
C200.31803 (19)0.2884 (2)0.20722 (14)0.0211 (6)
H200.29820.21930.23720.025*
C210.4119 (2)0.2865 (3)0.16287 (15)0.0250 (6)
H210.45420.21600.16320.030*
C220.4425 (2)0.3883 (3)0.11853 (15)0.0265 (6)
H220.50620.38740.09020.032*
C230.3783 (2)0.4918 (3)0.11635 (15)0.0247 (6)
H230.39840.56030.08590.030*
C240.28386 (19)0.4937 (2)0.15946 (14)0.0209 (6)
H240.24030.56310.15660.025*
C25−0.1326 (2)0.5199 (3)0.22308 (17)0.0258 (6)
C26−0.2001 (2)0.5956 (3)0.26780 (18)0.0335 (7)
H26−0.18070.61760.32210.040*
C27−0.2959 (2)0.6385 (3)0.2324 (2)0.0415 (8)
H27−0.33990.68970.26250.050*
C28−0.3251 (2)0.6047 (3)0.1522 (2)0.0447 (9)
H28−0.39000.63160.12870.054*
C29−0.2592 (2)0.5316 (3)0.1070 (2)0.0434 (9)
H29−0.27940.50960.05290.052*
C30−0.1619 (2)0.4899 (3)0.14165 (18)0.0338 (7)
H30−0.11670.44200.11010.041*
U11U22U33U12U13U23
Cl10.0262 (3)0.0333 (4)0.0187 (3)−0.0013 (3)0.0026 (2)0.0074 (3)
O10.0344 (11)0.0298 (12)0.0354 (11)0.0085 (10)−0.0043 (8)0.0040 (9)
N20.0197 (10)0.0197 (12)0.0139 (10)−0.0025 (10)−0.0030 (8)0.0026 (9)
C10.0201 (12)0.0284 (16)0.0193 (13)−0.0087 (13)0.0024 (10)−0.0033 (11)
C20.0239 (13)0.0242 (16)0.0285 (14)−0.0040 (13)0.0047 (11)−0.0062 (12)
C30.0247 (14)0.0299 (18)0.0461 (18)−0.0004 (14)0.0070 (12)−0.0112 (14)
C40.0246 (14)0.041 (2)0.0352 (16)−0.0075 (15)0.0095 (12)−0.0183 (14)
C50.0208 (13)0.0387 (19)0.0235 (14)−0.0099 (14)0.0055 (11)−0.0036 (13)
C60.0295 (15)0.050 (2)0.0195 (14)−0.0194 (16)0.0031 (11)−0.0103 (14)
C70.0259 (15)0.058 (2)0.0209 (14)−0.0123 (16)−0.0051 (11)0.0032 (14)
C80.0264 (14)0.048 (2)0.0201 (13)−0.0138 (15)−0.0022 (10)0.0100 (13)
C90.0231 (13)0.0350 (18)0.0165 (12)−0.0062 (14)−0.0005 (10)0.0046 (12)
C100.0212 (13)0.0396 (18)0.0145 (12)−0.0137 (14)0.0059 (10)−0.0023 (12)
C110.0251 (14)0.0293 (17)0.0197 (13)−0.0020 (14)0.0009 (10)0.0075 (12)
C120.0188 (12)0.0219 (15)0.0150 (12)−0.0035 (12)0.0013 (9)0.0020 (11)
C130.0212 (12)0.0141 (13)0.0170 (12)−0.0008 (11)−0.0048 (9)−0.0020 (10)
C140.0250 (13)0.0184 (15)0.0150 (12)−0.0048 (12)−0.0005 (10)0.0031 (10)
C150.0174 (12)0.0217 (15)0.0248 (13)−0.0032 (12)0.0014 (10)0.0031 (11)
C160.0165 (12)0.0186 (15)0.0268 (14)−0.0040 (12)−0.0043 (10)0.0020 (11)
C170.0235 (13)0.0180 (14)0.0167 (12)−0.0036 (12)−0.0039 (10)0.0014 (11)
C180.0201 (12)0.0135 (13)0.0168 (12)−0.0033 (11)−0.0028 (9)−0.0026 (10)
C190.0186 (12)0.0204 (14)0.0134 (11)−0.0007 (12)−0.0050 (9)−0.0044 (10)
C200.0266 (13)0.0191 (15)0.0174 (12)−0.0025 (12)−0.0036 (10)−0.0020 (11)
C210.0273 (14)0.0236 (16)0.0239 (14)0.0030 (13)−0.0003 (11)−0.0086 (12)
C220.0242 (14)0.0339 (18)0.0218 (14)−0.0070 (14)0.0071 (11)−0.0105 (12)
C230.0313 (14)0.0247 (16)0.0183 (13)−0.0079 (14)0.0039 (10)−0.0023 (11)
C240.0269 (13)0.0205 (15)0.0151 (12)−0.0011 (12)−0.0037 (10)−0.0019 (11)
C250.0197 (13)0.0257 (16)0.0318 (15)−0.0054 (13)−0.0030 (11)0.0104 (12)
C260.0249 (14)0.0405 (19)0.0354 (16)0.0011 (15)0.0070 (12)0.0145 (14)
C270.0211 (14)0.047 (2)0.058 (2)0.0073 (15)0.0114 (14)0.0223 (17)
C280.0195 (14)0.045 (2)0.069 (2)−0.0037 (16)−0.0114 (15)0.0275 (19)
C290.0426 (18)0.033 (2)0.052 (2)−0.0058 (17)−0.0250 (15)0.0092 (16)
C300.0345 (16)0.0253 (17)0.0405 (17)−0.0008 (15)−0.0146 (13)0.0026 (14)
Cl1—C141.745 (2)C15—C161.395 (3)
O1—C111.223 (3)C16—C171.394 (3)
N2—C121.269 (3)C16—C251.492 (3)
N2—C131.412 (3)C17—H170.9300
C1—C21.354 (4)C17—C181.392 (3)
C1—C101.433 (3)C18—C191.495 (3)
C1—C121.481 (4)C19—C201.395 (3)
C2—H20.9300C19—C241.393 (3)
C2—C31.420 (4)C20—H200.9300
C3—H30.9300C20—C211.392 (3)
C3—C41.385 (4)C21—H210.9300
C4—H40.9300C21—C221.378 (4)
C4—C51.389 (4)C22—H220.9300
C5—C61.427 (4)C22—C231.381 (4)
C5—C101.411 (4)C23—H230.9300
C6—H60.9300C23—C241.388 (3)
C6—C71.366 (4)C24—H240.9300
C7—H70.9300C25—C261.394 (4)
C7—C81.407 (4)C25—C301.387 (4)
C8—H80.9300C26—H260.9300
C8—C91.387 (3)C26—C271.389 (4)
C9—C101.394 (4)C27—H270.9300
C9—C111.469 (4)C27—C281.378 (5)
C11—C121.550 (4)C28—H280.9300
C13—C141.402 (3)C28—C291.370 (5)
C13—C181.420 (3)C29—H290.9300
C14—C151.374 (3)C29—C301.396 (4)
C15—H150.9300C30—H300.9300
C12—N2—C13121.6 (2)C15—C16—C25119.4 (2)
C2—C1—C10120.5 (2)C17—C16—C15118.1 (2)
C2—C1—C12134.4 (2)C17—C16—C25122.5 (2)
C10—C1—C12105.1 (2)C16—C17—H17118.6
C1—C2—H2121.2C18—C17—C16122.9 (2)
C1—C2—C3117.5 (2)C18—C17—H17118.6
C3—C2—H2121.2C13—C18—C19121.3 (2)
C2—C3—H3118.7C17—C18—C13118.4 (2)
C4—C3—C2122.7 (3)C17—C18—C19120.2 (2)
C4—C3—H3118.7C20—C19—C18122.5 (2)
C3—C4—H4119.6C24—C19—C18119.1 (2)
C3—C4—C5120.7 (3)C24—C19—C20118.4 (2)
C5—C4—H4119.6C19—C20—H20119.8
C4—C5—C6128.3 (3)C21—C20—C19120.4 (2)
C4—C5—C10117.0 (2)C21—C20—H20119.8
C10—C5—C6114.8 (3)C20—C21—H21119.8
C5—C6—H6119.4C22—C21—C20120.4 (3)
C7—C6—C5121.3 (3)C22—C21—H21119.8
C7—C6—H6119.4C21—C22—H22120.1
C6—C7—H7118.4C21—C22—C23119.8 (2)
C6—C7—C8123.2 (3)C23—C22—H22120.1
C8—C7—H7118.4C22—C23—H23119.9
C7—C8—H8121.6C22—C23—C24120.2 (3)
C9—C8—C7116.8 (3)C24—C23—H23119.9
C9—C8—H8121.6C19—C24—H24119.6
C8—C9—C10120.5 (3)C23—C24—C19120.8 (3)
C8—C9—C11132.2 (3)C23—C24—H24119.6
C10—C9—C11107.2 (2)C26—C25—C16121.0 (2)
C5—C10—C1121.7 (3)C30—C25—C16120.3 (3)
C9—C10—C1114.8 (2)C30—C25—C26118.7 (3)
C9—C10—C5123.5 (2)C25—C26—H26119.5
O1—C11—C9129.4 (3)C27—C26—C25120.9 (3)
O1—C11—C12124.6 (2)C27—C26—H26119.5
C9—C11—C12106.0 (2)C26—C27—H27120.2
N2—C12—C1133.7 (2)C28—C27—C26119.5 (3)
N2—C12—C11119.5 (2)C28—C27—H27120.2
C1—C12—C11106.8 (2)C27—C28—H28119.8
N2—C13—C18120.7 (2)C29—C28—C27120.3 (3)
C14—C13—N2121.2 (2)C29—C28—H28119.8
C14—C13—C18117.9 (2)C28—C29—H29119.8
C13—C14—Cl1119.65 (18)C28—C29—C30120.5 (3)
C15—C14—Cl1117.78 (19)C30—C29—H29119.8
C15—C14—C13122.6 (2)C25—C30—C29120.0 (3)
C14—C15—H15120.0C25—C30—H30120.0
C14—C15—C16120.0 (2)C29—C30—H30120.0
C16—C15—H15120.0
Cl1—C14—C15—C16−179.6 (2)C12—C1—C2—C3−177.2 (3)
O1—C11—C12—N22.8 (4)C12—C1—C10—C5178.9 (2)
O1—C11—C12—C1−177.2 (2)C12—C1—C10—C90.9 (3)
N2—C13—C14—Cl13.9 (3)C13—N2—C12—C1−3.7 (4)
N2—C13—C14—C15−174.9 (2)C13—N2—C12—C11176.2 (2)
N2—C13—C18—C17176.2 (2)C13—C14—C15—C16−0.8 (4)
N2—C13—C18—C19−6.6 (4)C13—C18—C19—C2044.1 (3)
C1—C2—C3—C4−1.8 (4)C13—C18—C19—C24−136.0 (2)
C2—C1—C10—C50.7 (4)C14—C13—C18—C171.0 (4)
C2—C1—C10—C9−177.3 (2)C14—C13—C18—C19178.2 (2)
C2—C1—C12—N2−4.2 (5)C14—C15—C16—C170.0 (4)
C2—C1—C12—C11175.8 (3)C14—C15—C16—C25177.9 (2)
C2—C3—C4—C52.3 (4)C15—C16—C17—C181.4 (4)
C3—C4—C5—C6178.2 (3)C15—C16—C25—C2640.5 (4)
C3—C4—C5—C10−1.2 (4)C15—C16—C25—C30−136.8 (3)
C4—C5—C6—C7−177.9 (3)C16—C17—C18—C13−1.9 (4)
C4—C5—C10—C1−0.3 (4)C16—C17—C18—C19−179.1 (2)
C4—C5—C10—C9177.6 (2)C16—C25—C26—C27−176.2 (3)
C5—C6—C7—C80.1 (4)C16—C25—C30—C29175.0 (3)
C6—C5—C10—C1−179.7 (2)C17—C16—C25—C26−141.7 (3)
C6—C5—C10—C9−1.9 (4)C17—C16—C25—C3041.0 (4)
C6—C7—C8—C9−1.4 (4)C17—C18—C19—C20−138.7 (2)
C7—C8—C9—C101.1 (4)C17—C18—C19—C2441.2 (3)
C7—C8—C9—C11178.4 (3)C18—C13—C14—Cl1179.04 (18)
C8—C9—C10—C1178.6 (2)C18—C13—C14—C150.3 (4)
C8—C9—C10—C50.6 (4)C18—C19—C20—C21−178.3 (2)
C8—C9—C11—O10.2 (5)C18—C19—C24—C23177.4 (2)
C8—C9—C11—C12−179.5 (3)C19—C20—C21—C220.4 (4)
C9—C11—C12—N2−177.5 (2)C20—C19—C24—C23−2.7 (3)
C9—C11—C12—C12.4 (2)C20—C21—C22—C23−1.7 (4)
C10—C1—C2—C30.3 (4)C21—C22—C23—C240.8 (4)
C10—C1—C12—N2178.0 (3)C22—C23—C24—C191.4 (4)
C10—C1—C12—C11−2.0 (2)C24—C19—C20—C211.8 (3)
C10—C5—C6—C71.5 (4)C25—C16—C17—C18−176.4 (2)
C10—C9—C11—O1177.7 (3)C25—C26—C27—C280.7 (4)
C10—C9—C11—C12−1.9 (3)C26—C25—C30—C29−2.3 (4)
C11—C9—C10—C10.7 (3)C26—C27—C28—C29−1.5 (5)
C11—C9—C10—C5−177.3 (2)C27—C28—C29—C300.4 (5)
C12—N2—C13—C14−72.0 (3)C28—C29—C30—C251.6 (5)
C12—N2—C13—C18112.9 (3)C30—C25—C26—C271.2 (4)
D—H···AD—HH···AD···AD—H···A
C20—H20···N20.932.502.909 (3)107
C24—H24···N2i0.932.593.338 (3)138
C4—H4···Cg1ii0.932.743.551 (3)147
C6—H6···Cg2iii0.932.923.647 (3)136
Table 1

Hydrogen-bond geometry (Å, °)

Cg1 and Cg2 are the centroids of the C25–C30 and C19–C24 rings, respectively.

D—H⋯A D—HH⋯A DA D—H⋯A
C24—H24⋯N2i 0.932.593.338 (3)138
C4—H4⋯Cg1ii 0.932.743.551 (3)147
C6—H6⋯Cg2iii 0.932.923.647 (3)136

Symmetry codes: (i) ; (ii) ; (iii) .

  6 in total

1.  Bacteriorhodopsin: a light-driven proton pump in Halobacterium Halobium.

Authors:  R H Lozier; R A Bogomolni; W Stoeckenius
Journal:  Biophys J       Date:  1975-09       Impact factor: 4.033

2.  A short history of SHELX.

Authors:  George M Sheldrick
Journal:  Acta Crystallogr A       Date:  2007-12-21       Impact factor: 2.290

3.  A new bis(1-naphthylimino)acenaphthene compound and its Pd(II) and Zn(II) complexes: synthesis, characterization, solid-state structures and density functional theory studies on the syn and anti isomers.

Authors:  Vitor Rosa; Teresa Avilés; Gabriel Aullon; Berta Covelo; Carlos Lodeiro
Journal:  Inorg Chem       Date:  2008-08-01       Impact factor: 5.165

4.  First synthesis of phenylazomethine dendrimer ligands and structural studies.

Authors:  M Higuchi; S Shiki; K Ariga; K Yamamoto
Journal:  J Am Chem Soc       Date:  2001-05-16       Impact factor: 15.419

5.  {6,6'-Dieth-oxy-2,2'-[2,2-dimethyl-propane-1,3-diylbis(nitrilo-methyl-idyne)]diphenolato}nickel(II) monohydrate.

Authors:  Hadi Kargar; Arezoo Jamshidvand; Hoong-Kun Fun; Reza Kia
Journal:  Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online       Date:  2009-03-14

6.  {6,6'-Dimeth-oxy-2,2'-[2,2-dimethyl-propane-1,3-diylbis(nitrilo-methyl-idyne)]diphenolato}nickel(II) 1.78-hydrate.

Authors:  Chin Sing Yeap; Reza Kia; Hadi Kargar; Hoong-Kun Fun
Journal:  Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online       Date:  2009-04-25
  6 in total
  1 in total

1.  Crystal structure elucidation and anticancer studies of (-)-pseudosemiglabrin: a flavanone isolated from the aerial parts of Tephrosia apollinea.

Authors:  Loiy Elsir Ahmed Hassan; Mohamed B Khadeer Ahamed; Aman Shah Abdul Majid; Muhammad Adnan Iqbal; Fouad Saleih R Al Suede; Rosenani A Haque; Zhari Ismail; Oon Chern Ein; Amin Malik Shah Abdul Majid
Journal:  PLoS One       Date:  2014-03-07       Impact factor: 3.240

  1 in total

北京卡尤迪生物科技股份有限公司 © 2022-2023.