P Lagiou1, E Samoli2, A Lagiou3, P Zourna2, A Barbouni4, C Georgila2, A Tsikkinis5, D Vassilarou6, P Minaki2, C Sfikas7, E Spanos8, D Trichopoulos9. 1. Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, USA; Bureau of Epidemiologic Research, Academy of Athens, Athens. Electronic address: pdlagiou@med.uoa.gr. 2. Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece. 3. Faculty of Health Professions, Athens Technological Educational Institute, Athens. 4. Bureau of Epidemiologic Research, Academy of Athens, Athens; Department of Public and Administrative Health, National School of Public Health, Athens. 5. First Department of Surgery, Elena Venizelou Hospital, Athens. 6. 'Prolipsis' Diagnostic Center, Athens. 7. Department of Pathology, Elena Venizelou Hospital, Athens. 8. 'Biomedicine' Diagnostic Center, Athens, Greece. 9. Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, USA; Bureau of Epidemiologic Research, Academy of Athens, Athens.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Benign breast disease (BBD), particularly proliferative BBD, is an established breast cancer risk factor. However, there has been no systematic attempt to compare the hormonal profiles of the two conditions. In a case-control investigation in Athens, Greece, we compared levels of estrogens, testosterone and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), as well as their principal binding proteins, between breast cancer patients, women with BBD by histological type (proliferative and nonproliferative) and women with no breast pathology. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We studied 466 women with incident breast cancer, 704 women with BBD and 244 healthy women. We used multiple regression to compare log-transformed serum hormone levels of breast cancer patients with those of healthy women and women with BBD by histological type (proliferative and nonproliferative BBD). RESULTS: The hormonal profile of breast cancer in our study was in line with the generally accepted hormonal profile of this disease, as reported from large cohort studies. Compared with healthy women, breast cancer patients tended to have higher levels of steroid hormones. The evidence was strong for estrone (difference 21.5%, P < 0.001), weaker for testosterone (difference 15.8%, P = 0.07) and weaker still for estradiol (difference 12.0%, P = 0.18). Also compared with healthy women, breast cancer patients had barely higher levels of IGF-1 (difference 2.0%, P = 0.51), but had significantly lower levels of IGF binding protein 3 (IGFBP-3) (difference -6.7%, P = 0.001). Compared with women with BBD, breast cancer patients had nonstatistically significantly lower levels of steroid hormones, but they had higher levels of IGF-1 [difference 5.5%, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.7% to 10.6%] and lower levels of IGFBP-3 (difference -3.7%, 95% CI -6.7% to -0.7%). Differences were more pronounced when breast cancer patients were contrasted to women with proliferative BBD. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that high levels of IGF-1 may be an important factor toward the evolution of BBD to breast cancer.
BACKGROUND:Benign breast disease (BBD), particularly proliferative BBD, is an established breast cancer risk factor. However, there has been no systematic attempt to compare the hormonal profiles of the two conditions. In a case-control investigation in Athens, Greece, we compared levels of estrogens, testosterone and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), as well as their principal binding proteins, between breast cancerpatients, women with BBD by histological type (proliferative and nonproliferative) and women with no breast pathology. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We studied 466 women with incident breast cancer, 704 women with BBD and 244 healthy women. We used multiple regression to compare log-transformed serum hormone levels of breast cancerpatients with those of healthy women and women with BBD by histological type (proliferative and nonproliferative BBD). RESULTS: The hormonal profile of breast cancer in our study was in line with the generally accepted hormonal profile of this disease, as reported from large cohort studies. Compared with healthy women, breast cancerpatients tended to have higher levels of steroid hormones. The evidence was strong for estrone (difference 21.5%, P < 0.001), weaker for testosterone (difference 15.8%, P = 0.07) and weaker still for estradiol (difference 12.0%, P = 0.18). Also compared with healthy women, breast cancerpatients had barely higher levels of IGF-1 (difference 2.0%, P = 0.51), but had significantly lower levels of IGF binding protein 3 (IGFBP-3) (difference -6.7%, P = 0.001). Compared with women with BBD, breast cancerpatients had nonstatistically significantly lower levels of steroid hormones, but they had higher levels of IGF-1 [difference 5.5%, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.7% to 10.6%] and lower levels of IGFBP-3 (difference -3.7%, 95% CI -6.7% to -0.7%). Differences were more pronounced when breast cancerpatients were contrasted to women with proliferative BBD. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that high levels of IGF-1 may be an important factor toward the evolution of BBD to breast cancer.
Entities:
Keywords:
IGF-1; benign breast disease; breast cancer; epidemiology; proliferative; steroid hormones
Authors: Eva S Schernhammer; Jeff M Holly; David J Hunter; Michael N Pollak; Susan E Hankinson Journal: Endocr Relat Cancer Date: 2006-06 Impact factor: 5.678
Authors: A Heather Eliassen; Stacey A Missmer; Shelley S Tworoger; Donna Spiegelman; Robert L Barbieri; Mitch Dowsett; Susan E Hankinson Journal: J Natl Cancer Inst Date: 2006-10-04 Impact factor: 13.506
Authors: S E Hankinson; W C Willett; G A Colditz; D J Hunter; D S Michaud; B Deroo; B Rosner; F E Speizer; M Pollak Journal: Lancet Date: 1998-05-09 Impact factor: 79.321
Authors: Harriet Johansson; Laura Baglietto; Aliana Guerrieri-Gonzaga; Bernardo Bonanni; Frederique Mariette; Debora Macis; Davide Serrano; Maria Teresa Sandri; Andrea Decensi Journal: Breast Cancer Res Treat Date: 2004-11 Impact factor: 4.872
Authors: Benjamin B E Barnes; Jenny Chang-Claude; Dieter Flesch-Janys; Ralf Kinscherf; Martina Schmidt; Tracy Slanger; Gabriel Bonaterra; Karen Steindorf Journal: Cancer Causes Control Date: 2009-12 Impact factor: 2.506
Authors: Lynn C Hartmann; Thomas A Sellers; Marlene H Frost; Wilma L Lingle; Amy C Degnim; Karthik Ghosh; Robert A Vierkant; Shaun D Maloney; V Shane Pankratz; David W Hillman; Vera J Suman; Jo Johnson; Cassann Blake; Thea Tlsty; Celine M Vachon; L Joseph Melton; Daniel W Visscher Journal: N Engl J Med Date: 2005-07-21 Impact factor: 91.245
Authors: Lusine Yaghjyan; Volker Mai; Xuefeng Wang; Maria Ukhanova; Maximiliano Tagliamonte; Yessica C Martinez; Shannan N Rich; Kathleen M Egan Journal: Cancer Causes Control Date: 2021-03-27 Impact factor: 2.506
Authors: E Samoli; A Lagiou; P Zourna; A Barbouni; C Georgila; A Tsikkinis; D Vassilarou; P Minaki; C Sfikas; E Spanos; D Trichopoulos; P Lagiou Journal: Ann Oncol Date: 2014-12-26 Impact factor: 32.976