Approaching the theoretical limit of diamagnetic-induced momentum in a rapidly diverging magnetic nozzle.

Cross-field diffusion and plasma expansion in a rapidly diverging magnetic nozzle are controlled while maintaining constant plasma production in a contiguously attached radio frequency plasma source. It is demonstrated that the measured electron-diamagnetic-induced axial momentum increases with increasing magnetic field strength to approach the theoretical limit derived using an ideal nozzle approximation. The measured axial momentum exerted onto the axial and radial plasma source boundaries validate the prediction from a maximum electron pressure model on the back wall and from a zero net axial momentum model on the radial wall.