BACKGROUND: Obesity is increasingly prevalent in many countries. Obesity is a major risk factor for the development of type 2 diabetes but its relationship with diabetic kidney disease (DKD) remains unclear. Some studies have suggested that the metabolic syndrome (including obesity) may be associated with DKD in type 1 diabetes. AIM: To investigate the association between obesity and DKD. DESIGN: Retrospective cross-sectional study. METHODS: National Diabetes Audit data were available for the 2007-08 cycle. Type 1 and 2 diabetes patients with both a valid serum creatinine and urinary albumin:creatinine ratio were included. DKD was defined as an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) <60 ml/min/1.73 m(2), albuminuria or both. Logistic regression was used to analyse associations of obesity (body mass index ≥30 kg/m(2)) and other variables including year of birth, year of diagnosis, ethnicity and stage of kidney disease. RESULTS: A total of 58 791 type 1 and 733 769 type 2 diabetes patients were included in the analysis. After adjustment, when compared with type 1 diabetes patients with normal renal function those with DKD were up to twice as likely to be obese. Type 2 DKD patients were also more likely to be obese. For example, type 2 diabetes patients with an eGFR <15 ml/min/1.73 m(2) and normoalbuminuria, microalbuminuria or macroalbuminuria were all more likely to be obese; odds ratios (95% CI) 1.65 (1.3-2.1), 1.56 (1.28-1.92) and 1.27 (1.05-1.54), respectively. CONCLUSION: This study has highlighted a strong association between obesity and kidney disease in type 1 diabetes and confirmed their association in type 2 diabetes.
BACKGROUND:Obesity is increasingly prevalent in many countries. Obesity is a major risk factor for the development of type 2 diabetes but its relationship with diabetic kidney disease (DKD) remains unclear. Some studies have suggested that the metabolic syndrome (including obesity) may be associated with DKD in type 1 diabetes. AIM: To investigate the association between obesity and DKD. DESIGN: Retrospective cross-sectional study. METHODS: National Diabetes Audit data were available for the 2007-08 cycle. Type 1 and 2 diabetespatients with both a valid serum creatinine and urinary albumin:creatinine ratio were included. DKD was defined as an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) <60 ml/min/1.73 m(2), albuminuria or both. Logistic regression was used to analyse associations of obesity (body mass index ≥30 kg/m(2)) and other variables including year of birth, year of diagnosis, ethnicity and stage of kidney disease. RESULTS: A total of 58 791 type 1 and 733 769 type 2 diabetespatients were included in the analysis. After adjustment, when compared with type 1 diabetespatients with normal renal function those with DKD were up to twice as likely to be obese. Type 2 DKD patients were also more likely to be obese. For example, type 2 diabetespatients with an eGFR <15 ml/min/1.73 m(2) and normoalbuminuria, microalbuminuria or macroalbuminuria were all more likely to be obese; odds ratios (95% CI) 1.65 (1.3-2.1), 1.56 (1.28-1.92) and 1.27 (1.05-1.54), respectively. CONCLUSION: This study has highlighted a strong association between obesity and kidney disease in type 1 diabetes and confirmed their association in type 2 diabetes.
Authors: Natalie R van Zuydam; Emma Ahlqvist; Niina Sandholm; Harshal Deshmukh; N William Rayner; Moustafa Abdalla; Claes Ladenvall; Daniel Ziemek; Eric Fauman; Neil R Robertson; Paul M McKeigue; Erkka Valo; Carol Forsblom; Valma Harjutsalo; Annalisa Perna; Erica Rurali; M Loredana Marcovecchio; Robert P Igo; Rany M Salem; Norberto Perico; Maria Lajer; Annemari Käräjämäki; Minako Imamura; Michiaki Kubo; Atsushi Takahashi; Xueling Sim; Jianjun Liu; Rob M van Dam; Guozhi Jiang; Claudia H T Tam; Andrea O Y Luk; Heung Man Lee; Cadmon K P Lim; Cheuk Chun Szeto; Wing Yee So; Juliana C N Chan; Su Fen Ang; Rajkumar Dorajoo; Ling Wang; Tan Si Hua Clara; Amy-Jayne McKnight; Seamus Duffy; Marcus G Pezzolesi; Michel Marre; Beata Gyorgy; Samy Hadjadj; Linda T Hiraki; Tarunveer S Ahluwalia; Peter Almgren; Christina-Alexandra Schulz; Marju Orho-Melander; Allan Linneberg; Cramer Christensen; Daniel R Witte; Niels Grarup; Ivan Brandslund; Olle Melander; Andrew D Paterson; David Tregouet; Alexander P Maxwell; Su Chi Lim; Ronald C W Ma; E Shyong Tai; Shiro Maeda; Valeriya Lyssenko; Tiinamaija Tuomi; Andrzej S Krolewski; Stephen S Rich; Joel N Hirschhorn; Jose C Florez; David Dunger; Oluf Pedersen; Torben Hansen; Peter Rossing; Giuseppe Remuzzi; Mary Julia Brosnan; Colin N A Palmer; Per-Henrik Groop; Helen M Colhoun; Leif C Groop; Mark I McCarthy Journal: Diabetes Date: 2018-04-27 Impact factor: 9.461
Authors: Niina Sandholm; Natalie Van Zuydam; Emma Ahlqvist; Thorhildur Juliusdottir; Harshal A Deshmukh; N William Rayner; Barbara Di Camillo; Carol Forsblom; Joao Fadista; Daniel Ziemek; Rany M Salem; Linda T Hiraki; Marcus Pezzolesi; David Trégouët; Emma Dahlström; Erkka Valo; Nikolay Oskolkov; Claes Ladenvall; M Loredana Marcovecchio; Jason Cooper; Francesco Sambo; Alberto Malovini; Marco Manfrini; Amy Jayne McKnight; Maria Lajer; Valma Harjutsalo; Daniel Gordin; Maija Parkkonen; Jaakko Tuomilehto; Valeriya Lyssenko; Paul M McKeigue; Stephen S Rich; Mary Julia Brosnan; Eric Fauman; Riccardo Bellazzi; Peter Rossing; Samy Hadjadj; Andrzej Krolewski; Andrew D Paterson; Jose C Florez; Joel N Hirschhorn; Alexander P Maxwell; David Dunger; Claudio Cobelli; Helen M Colhoun; Leif Groop; Mark I McCarthy; Per-Henrik Groop Journal: J Am Soc Nephrol Date: 2016-09-19 Impact factor: 10.121
Authors: Katarzyna Hap; Katarzyna Madziarska; Wojciech Hap; Sławomir Zmonarski; Dorota Zielińska; Dorota Kamińska; Mirosław Banasik; Katarzyna Kościelska-Kasprzak; Marian Klinger; Oktawia Mazanowska Journal: Ann Transplant Date: 2019-01-29 Impact factor: 1.530
Authors: Jennifer N Todd; Emma H Dahlström; Rany M Salem; Niina Sandholm; Carol Forsblom; Amy J McKnight; Alexander P Maxwell; Eoin Brennan; Denise Sadlier; Catherine Godson; Per-Henrik Groop; Joel N Hirschhorn; Jose C Florez Journal: Diabetes Date: 2015-08-25 Impact factor: 9.461