Schmallenberg virus.

In late 2011 a novel virus of the Simbu serogroup, family Bunyaviridae, genus Orthobunyavirus, was discovered at the German-Dutch border and named "Schmallenberg virus" (SBV). Since then, the virus has spread rapidly to other European countries, and the involvement of biting midges has been demonstrated. Affected adult ruminants show none or only mild clinical signs including fever, reduced milk production or diarrhoea. However, in keeping with related viruses, an infection of SBV-naive cows and ewes during a critical period of pregnancy can lead to severe foetal malformations summarized as "arthrogryposis- hydranencephaly syndrome." Diagnostic assays like real-time RT-PCR and antibody ELISA are now available; and substantial knowledge of this virus has been gathered quickly. However, further research and exchange of information are essential.