INTRODUCTION: Dynamics of pneumococcal disease incidence and serotype distribution prior to introduction of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCV) will assist in understanding effects of the vaccine over time and will be important in choosing the optimal PCV formulation. METHODS: We conducted active, laboratory-based, national surveillance for invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) through the Group for Enteric, Respiratory and Meningeal Disease Surveillance in South Africa (GERMS-SA) from 2003 through 2008. Over 130 laboratories report to this system. Pneumococci were serotyped using Quellung and isolates screened for resistance by disk diffusion; minimum inhibitory concentrations were determined on potentially resistant isolates. We used univariate and multivariable multinomial regression models to assess differences between serotypes. RESULTS: GERMS-SA identified 8674 cases among children <5 years. Overall, 58% (3849/6668), 65% (4314/6668), and 85% (5669/6668) of cases and 61% (455/751), 64% (482/751), 82% (616/751) of deaths were due to serotypes included in 7-valent PCV, 10-valent PCV and 13-valent PCV, respectively. Serotypes 6A and 19A accounted for 16% (527/3252) of penicillin non-susceptible disease. In 2008, reported incidence of IPD was 6-fold higher in children <1 compared to children 1-4 years of age: 87 per 100,000 population and 14/100,000, respectively. The relative risk of IPD was 21-fold (95% CI, 19-24) and 34-fold (29-41) greater in HIV-infected compared to HIV-uninfected children in the <1 year and 1-4-year-old age groups respectively. On multivariable analysis serotypes 6B (relative risk ratio (RRR) 0.7; confidence interval (CI) 0.5-0.9), 18C (RRR 0.3; CI 0.1-0.5), 1 (RRR 0.2; CI 0.1-0.4) and 8 (RRR 0.2; CI 0.1-0.4) were significantly less common in HIV-infected individuals than serotype 14. CONCLUSIONS: All vaccine formulations have the potential to prevent most cases and deaths from IPD in children in South Africa. Vaccines with protection against 19A would be advantageous in South Africa.
INTRODUCTION: Dynamics of pneumococcal disease incidence and serotype distribution prior to introduction of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCV) will assist in understanding effects of the vaccine over time and will be important in choosing the optimal PCV formulation. METHODS: We conducted active, laboratory-based, national surveillance for invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) through the Group for Enteric, Respiratory and Meningeal Disease Surveillance in South Africa (GERMS-SA) from 2003 through 2008. Over 130 laboratories report to this system. Pneumococci were serotyped using Quellung and isolates screened for resistance by disk diffusion; minimum inhibitory concentrations were determined on potentially resistant isolates. We used univariate and multivariable multinomial regression models to assess differences between serotypes. RESULTS: GERMS-SA identified 8674 cases among children <5 years. Overall, 58% (3849/6668), 65% (4314/6668), and 85% (5669/6668) of cases and 61% (455/751), 64% (482/751), 82% (616/751) of deaths were due to serotypes included in 7-valent PCV, 10-valent PCV and 13-valent PCV, respectively. Serotypes 6A and 19A accounted for 16% (527/3252) of penicillin non-susceptible disease. In 2008, reported incidence of IPD was 6-fold higher in children <1 compared to children 1-4 years of age: 87 per 100,000 population and 14/100,000, respectively. The relative risk of IPD was 21-fold (95% CI, 19-24) and 34-fold (29-41) greater in HIV-infected compared to HIV-uninfectedchildren in the <1 year and 1-4-year-old age groups respectively. On multivariable analysis serotypes 6B (relative risk ratio (RRR) 0.7; confidence interval (CI) 0.5-0.9), 18C (RRR 0.3; CI 0.1-0.5), 1 (RRR 0.2; CI 0.1-0.4) and 8 (RRR 0.2; CI 0.1-0.4) were significantly less common in HIV-infected individuals than serotype 14. CONCLUSIONS: All vaccine formulations have the potential to prevent most cases and deaths from IPD in children in South Africa. Vaccines with protection against 19A would be advantageous in South Africa.
Authors: Pui-Ying Iroh Tam; Beth K Thielen; Stephen K Obaro; Ann M Brearley; Alexander M Kaizer; Haitao Chu; Edward N Janoff Journal: Vaccine Date: 2017-03-09 Impact factor: 3.641
Authors: As'ad E Bhorat; Shabir A Madhi; France Laudat; Vani Sundaraiyer; Alejandra Gurtman; Kathrin U Jansen; Daniel A Scott; Emilio A Emini; William C Gruber; Beate Schmoele-Thoma Journal: AIDS Date: 2015-07-17 Impact factor: 4.177
Authors: Geofrey Makenga; George Mtove; J Kevin Yin; Abubakary Mziray; Veneranda M Bwana; William Kisinza; Julius Mjema; Ben Amos; Laura Antony; Delane Shingadia; Shahin Oftadeh; Robert Booy Journal: Front Immunol Date: 2021-06-17 Impact factor: 7.561
Authors: Felix S Dube; Suzan P van Mens; Lourens Robberts; Nicole Wolter; Paul Nicol; Joseph Mafofo; Samantha Africa; Heather J Zar; Mark P Nicol Journal: PLoS One Date: 2015-09-03 Impact factor: 3.240
Authors: Ellen Heinsbroek; Terence Tafatatha; Amos Phiri; Bagrey Ngwira; Amelia C Crampin; Jonathan M Read; Neil French Journal: AIDS Date: 2015-09-10 Impact factor: 4.177