Unbiased segregation of fission yeast chromosome 2 strands to daughter cells.

The base complementarity feature (Watson and Crick in Nature 171(4356):737-738, 1953) and the rule of semi-conservative mode of DNA replication (Messelson and Stahl in Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 44:671-682, 1958) dictate that two identical replicas of the parental chromosome are produced during replication. In principle, the inherent strand sequence differences could generate nonequivalent daughter chromosome replicas if one of the two strands were epigenetically imprinted during replication to effect silencing/expression of developmentally important genes. Indeed, inheritance of such a strand- and site-specific imprint confers developmental asymmetry to fission yeast sister cells by a phenomenon called mating/cell-type switching. Curiously, location of DNA strands with respect to each other at the centromere is fixed, and as a result, their selected segregation to specific sister chromatid copies occurs in eukaryotic cells. The yeast system provides a unique opportunity to determine the significance of such biased strand distribution to sister chromatids. We determined whether the cylindrical-shaped yeast cell distributes the specific chromosomal strand to the same cellular pole in successive cycles of cell division. By observing the pattern of recurrent mating-type switching in progenies of individual cells by microscopic analyses, we found that chromosome 2 strands are distributed by the random mode in successive cell divisions. We also exploited unusual "hotspot" recombination features of this system to investigate whether there is selective segregation of strands such that oldest Watson-containing strands co-segregate in the diploid cell at mitosis. Our data suggests that chromosome 2 strands are segregated independently to those of the homologous chromosome.