R Uauy1, P Casanello, B Krause, J P Kusanovic, C Corvalan. 1. Institute of Nutrition & Food Technology (INTA), University of Chile, Santiago, Chile; Department of Population Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK; Division of Paediatrics, School of Medicine, Pontifical Universidad Católica de Chile, Chile.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Healthy growth in utero and after birth is fundamental for lifelong health and wellbeing. The World Health Organization (WHO) recently published standards for healthy growth from birth to 6 years of age; analogous standards for healthy fetal growth are not currently available. Current fetal growth charts in use are not true standards, since they are based on cross-sectional measurements of attained size under conditions that do not accurately reflect normal growth. In most cases, the pregnant populations and environments studied are far from ideal; thus the data are unlikely to reflect optimal fetal growth. A true standard should reflect how fetuses and newborns 'should' grow under ideal environmental conditions. OBJECTIVE: The development of prescriptive intrauterine and newborn growth standards derived from the INTERGROWTH-21(st) Project provides the data that will allow us for the first time to establish what is 'normal' fetal growth. METHODS: The INTERGROWTH-21(st) study centres provide the data set obtained under pre-established standardised criteria, and details of the methods used are also published. DESIGN: Multicentre study with sites in all major geographical regions of the world using a standard evaluation protocol. RESULTS: These standards will assess risk of abnormal size at birth and serve to evaluate potentially effective interventions to promote optimal growth beyond securing survival. DISCUSSION: The new normative standards have the potential to impact perinatal and neonatal survival and beyond, particularly in developing countries where fetal growth restriction is most prevalent. They will help us identify intrauterine growth restriction at earlier stages of development, when preventive or corrective strategies might be more effective than at present. CONCLUSION: These growth standards will take us one step closer to effective action in preventing and potentially reversing abnormal intrauterine growth. Achieving 'optimal' fetal growth requires that we act not only during pregnancy but that we optimize the maternal uterine environment from the time before conception, through embryonic development until fetal growth is complete. The remaining challenge is how 'early' will we be able to act, now that we can better monitor fetal growth.
BACKGROUND: Healthy growth in utero and after birth is fundamental for lifelong health and wellbeing. The World Health Organization (WHO) recently published standards for healthy growth from birth to 6 years of age; analogous standards for healthy fetal growth are not currently available. Current fetal growth charts in use are not true standards, since they are based on cross-sectional measurements of attained size under conditions that do not accurately reflect normal growth. In most cases, the pregnant populations and environments studied are far from ideal; thus the data are unlikely to reflect optimal fetal growth. A true standard should reflect how fetuses and newborns 'should' grow under ideal environmental conditions. OBJECTIVE: The development of prescriptive intrauterine and newborn growth standards derived from the INTERGROWTH-21(st) Project provides the data that will allow us for the first time to establish what is 'normal' fetal growth. METHODS: The INTERGROWTH-21(st) study centres provide the data set obtained under pre-established standardised criteria, and details of the methods used are also published. DESIGN: Multicentre study with sites in all major geographical regions of the world using a standard evaluation protocol. RESULTS: These standards will assess risk of abnormal size at birth and serve to evaluate potentially effective interventions to promote optimal growth beyond securing survival. DISCUSSION: The new normative standards have the potential to impact perinatal and neonatal survival and beyond, particularly in developing countries where fetal growth restriction is most prevalent. They will help us identify intrauterine growth restriction at earlier stages of development, when preventive or corrective strategies might be more effective than at present. CONCLUSION: These growth standards will take us one step closer to effective action in preventing and potentially reversing abnormal intrauterine growth. Achieving 'optimal' fetal growth requires that we act not only during pregnancy but that we optimize the maternal uterine environment from the time before conception, through embryonic development until fetal growth is complete. The remaining challenge is how 'early' will we be able to act, now that we can better monitor fetal growth.
Authors: Linda Vesel; Kojo Nimako; Rachel M Jones; Meghan Munson; Sarah Little; Henry Njogu; Irene Njuru; Teresa Ogolla; Grace Kimenju; Mary Nell Wegner; Sathyanath Rajasekharan; Nicholas Pearson; Ana Langer Journal: PLoS One Date: 2019-03-08 Impact factor: 3.240
Authors: Rachel M Jones; Linda Vesel; Grace Kimenju; Teresa Ogolla; Meghan Munson; Sarah Little; Sathyanath Rajasekharan; Mary Nell Wegner; Ana Langer; Nicholas Pearson Journal: Glob Health Action Date: 2020-12-31 Impact factor: 2.640
Authors: Kathryn Millar; Suha Patel; Meghan Munson; Linda Vesel; Shalini Subbiah; Rachel M Jones; Sarah Little; Aris T Papageorghiou; Jose Villar; Mary Nell Wegner; Nick Pearson; Faith Muigai; Catherine Ongeti; Ana Langer Journal: JMIR Res Protoc Date: 2018-06-22