CONTEXT: Facemask removal (FMR) is required to access the airway of a catastrophically injured football or ice hockey athlete. However, the best method of caring for the helmeted lacrosse athlete with suspected catastrophic injury remains unclear. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of sex and grip strength on the speed and ease of use of various FMR methods across different lacrosse helmet types. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. Setting : Athletic training laboratory. PATIENTS OR OTHER PARTICIPANTS: Fourteen athletic trainers (7 men, 7 women). INTERVENTION(S): Removal method (cordless screwdriver [CSD], Face Mask Extractor 2 [FMX], pruner, Trainer's Angel [TA]), helmet type (Cascade CPX, Cascade Pro7, Riddell Revolution, Brine Triumph, Warrior Venom), and sex. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Facemask removal time and participant-reported ease of use of the removal method (6-point Likert scale). RESULTS: We found a 2-way interaction for removal method and sex only for the ease-of-use scores (F3,246 = 4.67, P = .01). A main effect for removal method for time (F3,200 = 19.41, P < .001) and ease of use (F3,200 = 53.78, P < .001) was seen. The fastest times (32.32 ± 11.70 seconds) and highest ease-of-use scores (4.94 ± 0.30) were recorded for the CSD. We noted a main effect for helmet type only for time (F4,200 = 5.34, P < .001), with the fastest removal times (72.75 ± 74.67 seconds) recorded for the CPX. We discovered a main effect for sex only for time (F1,200 = 17.57, P < .001), with slower times recorded for women (115.51 ± 110.80 seconds) than men (75.71 ± 83.87 seconds). We found correlations between FMR time and grip strength only when using the FMX (r = -0.40, P = .001), pruner (r = -0.26, P = .04), and TA (r = -0.26, P = .047). CONCLUSIONS: Based on our results, FMR of lacrosse helmets should be attempted with a CSD. We recommend carrying a pruner as a backup cutting tool in case the CSD fails, practicing FMR regularly, and inspecting helmets for faulty hardware to reduce the chance of CSD failure.
CONTEXT: Facemask removal (FMR) is required to access the airway of a catastrophically injured football or ice hockey athlete. However, the best method of caring for the helmeted lacrosse athlete with suspected catastrophic injury remains unclear. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of sex and grip strength on the speed and ease of use of various FMR methods across different lacrosse helmet types. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. Setting : Athletic training laboratory. PATIENTS OR OTHER PARTICIPANTS: Fourteen athletic trainers (7 men, 7 women). INTERVENTION(S): Removal method (cordless screwdriver [CSD], Face Mask Extractor 2 [FMX], pruner, Trainer's Angel [TA]), helmet type (Cascade CPX, Cascade Pro7, Riddell Revolution, Brine Triumph, Warrior Venom), and sex. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Facemask removal time and participant-reported ease of use of the removal method (6-point Likert scale). RESULTS: We found a 2-way interaction for removal method and sex only for the ease-of-use scores (F3,246 = 4.67, P = .01). A main effect for removal method for time (F3,200 = 19.41, P < .001) and ease of use (F3,200 = 53.78, P < .001) was seen. The fastest times (32.32 ± 11.70 seconds) and highest ease-of-use scores (4.94 ± 0.30) were recorded for the CSD. We noted a main effect for helmet type only for time (F4,200 = 5.34, P < .001), with the fastest removal times (72.75 ± 74.67 seconds) recorded for the CPX. We discovered a main effect for sex only for time (F1,200 = 17.57, P < .001), with slower times recorded for women (115.51 ± 110.80 seconds) than men (75.71 ± 83.87 seconds). We found correlations between FMR time and grip strength only when using the FMX (r = -0.40, P = .001), pruner (r = -0.26, P = .04), and TA (r = -0.26, P = .047). CONCLUSIONS: Based on our results, FMR of lacrosse helmets should be attempted with a CSD. We recommend carrying a pruner as a backup cutting tool in case the CSD fails, practicing FMR regularly, and inspecting helmets for faulty hardware to reduce the chance of CSD failure.
Authors: Richard Y Hinton; Andrew E Lincoln; Jon L Almquist; Wiemi A Douoguih; Krishn M Sharma Journal: Am J Sports Med Date: 2005-07-06 Impact factor: 6.202
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